Retinal Vascular Features for Cardio Vascular Disease Prediction: Review

Recent advances in retinal imaging modality have enabled the identification of retinal vascular features which have been shown to predict cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Studies have shown that a number of retinal vascular features are associated with the signs of pre-clinical or clinical CVD. In this paper, we discuss these retinal vascular features and their association with CVD. We review the recent patents on feature extraction algorithms from retinal imaging. We explore existing algorithms on retinal vascular feature extraction; how these features are detected and analyzed from retinal images. We discuss the existing CVD prediction models and the potential for retinal vascular features which can improve the prediction models. We also illustrate the limitations of current retinal vascular feature analysis approaches in CVD prediction. Finally, we outline a future direction on retinal vascular feature analysis approach which can provide us more precise CVD prediction model.