Evaluation of Inflammatory Biomarkers in Iranian Patients with Cystic Fibrosis

<P>Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by a progressive and recurrent lung infection. </P><P> Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and their correlations with lung function in CF patients. </P><P> Methods: A matched case-control study was conducted among 18 CF (children and adults) and 18 control patients (age and gender-matched) who were admitted to Masih Daneshvari Hospital (Tehran, Iran). The controls had no obvious inflammatory lung disease. The samples of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, serum, and sputum of participants were collected to determine concentrations of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukins (IL-8, IL-1β) and tumour necrosis factor- alpha (TNF-α) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Spirometry was applied and functional pulmonary indices [forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)] were assessed. </P><P> Results: The mean age of CF patients was 15.43 ± 5.970 years (range 4-24). The FVC in a majority of the CF patients (66.7%) was below 60% and only 33.3% of the patients exhibited normal or mild respiratory dysfunction. There were significant differences between FVC and FEV1 measurements before and after bronchoscopy. In addition, IL-8 levels in all three samples (serum, sputum, and BAL) of CF patients and levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in BAL and sputum samples of CF patients were significantly higher than the control group (p<0.001). However, increased cytokine levels were not associated with lung function. </P><P> Conclusion: Increased IL-8 and TNF-α levels seemed to be associated with signs of clinical deterioration and might be useful as diagnostic markers.</P>