Review of Clinical Trials Testing the Effectiveness of Clinician Intervention Approaches to Prevent Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Adolescent Outpatients

Objective: Identify approaches for improving clinician provision of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) prevention services among outpatient adolescents. Methods: Reviewed all peer-reviewed, published clinical trials identified through computerized searches (MEDLINE, PsychINFO) evaluating STD prevention services to outpatient adolescents by clinicians. Results: Five trials were identified examining changes in clinician provision of STD prevention services. Two of these trials resulted in adolescent self-reported risk reduction, but neither of these trials effectively demonstrated reductions in objectively measured STD incidence. Nine clinical trials were identified that compared clinician with non-clinician provision of STD prevention services. Four of these trials resulted in adolescent self-reported risk reduction, and one of these trials demonstrated a reduction in objectively measured STD incidence. Conclusion: Trials indicate that improvement in outpatient adolescent STD incidence is possible with non-clinicians as interventionists and perhaps clinicians as interventionists, if clinicians are supported by other educational resources. Opportunities for personalized, interactive adolescent education appears key to intervention success. The clinician role that is tested in most trials is confined to a single brief encounter with little attention to: development of clinician skills, quality of psychosexual risk assessment and tailoring to meet individual adolescent need, systems-level resources and supports, the parental role, or the impact of incorporating prevention into an ongoing adolescent-clinician relationship.