A Recent Review on Nanocrystal Manufacturing Techniques with Pharmaceutical Application

This review article constitutes an introductory report on nanotechnology focusing on the various manufacturing approaches of nanocrystals. Nanocrystals are a solid form to tackle the issue identified with poor fluid solvency. Hence, it is a useful technique in improving the bioavailability of various poorly soluble drugs. On a broader way, nanocrystal technology is mainly classified as top-down technology, bottom-up technology and a combination of top-down and bottom-up technology. Top-down technology is based on the principle of breaking down a complex into small crystals. This process is executed by using high-pressure homogenization, laser ablation, media mills, ultrasound technology, vacuum dissolution, gas condensation and mechanical attrition. Bottom-up technology is based on the principle of preparation by gathering atoms/ molecules together. It is achieved by using precipitation, supercritical fluid, gel-gel technology, spray drying, hydrolysis, and condensation. Due to the diverse characteristics and properties of drugs, a combination of top-down and bottom-up techniques is best for manufacturing nanocrystals. Some of the promising technique includes nano-edge technology and smart-crystal technology. These techniques are discussed in this review.