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Abstract

Introduction

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive intervention that could effectively enhance the cognitive function in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). However, the mechanism and predictive biomarkers for therapeutic response remain poorly understood.

Methods

Fifty-three aMCI patients underwent either neuro-navigated rTMS (n=28) or sham stimulation (n=25) targeting the left angular gyrus over four weeks (registered in 2021: ChiCTR2100050496). Multimodal MRI and comprehensive neuropsychological assessments were conducted pre- and post-intervention. Changes in brain communication networks and their correlation with cognitive improvements were analysed, with random forest models applied to predict treatment efficacy.

Results

Episodic memory (0.001) and general cognitive function (0.05) of aMCI patients were significantly improved after intervention. Novel alterations in brain communications networks were identified in 5 sensorimotor areas, executive control regions, and emotion-cognition processing hubs. Communication alterations between the right precentral gyrus and right angular gyrus were positively correlated with the improvements in episodic memory (r=0.38, 0.046), while the alterations between right precentral gyrus and right angular gyrus were negatively correlated with improvements in general cognitive function (MMSE, r=-0.44, 0.019; MoCA, r=-0.43, 0.024). Notably, the random forest model integrating communication network patterns with baseline demographic and neuropsychological data showed strong power in predicting rTMS effects.

Discussion

These findings advance understanding of rTMS mechanisms by linking network plasticity to cognitive gains, addressing critical knowledge gaps.

Conclusion

Neuro-navigated rTMS targeting the left angular gyrus may enhance cognitive function in aMCI patients by improving inter-brain regions communication. Baseline communication patterns hold promise as predictive biomarkers, facilitating personalized treatment strategies.

© 2026 Bentham Science Publishers
© 2025 The Author(s). Published by Bentham Science Publishers. This is an open access article published under CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
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2026-02-12
2026-02-25

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/content/journals/cn/10.2174/011570159X389814251019160424
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Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Alters Brain Communication Networks to Improve the Cognitive Function in Patients with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment - A Clinical Trial
Bentham Science Publishers ; https://doi.org/10.2174/011570159X389814251019160424
/content/journals/cn/10.2174/011570159X389814251019160424
/content/journals/cn/10.2174/011570159X389814251019160424
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  • Article Type:     Research Article
Keywords: Amnestic mild cognitive impairment ; Alzheimer’s disease ; diffusion tensor imaging ; repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation ; brain communication network ; random forest models

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