Cell-free and Cell-based Methods for Characterizing Nuclear Receptor Ligands

This article will review both the binding and the functional cellular assays that can be used to characterize nuclear receptor ligands in vitro. The discussion will be broken into two sections, concentrating on cell-free and cell-based systems. Each section will provide an overview of available assays moving from generic screening assays to more specific technologies that can be used to discriminate the pharmacology of receptor / ligand interactions.