Coenzyme Q10: A Potential Adjunct for Treatment of Antiphospholipid Syndrome and Recurrent Miscarriage

Background: Recurrent Miscarriage (RM) is one of the most frustrating clinical situations wherein most of the cases, neither the engaged obstetrician nor suffering couples know the exact etiology and cause of the disease. About 10-15% of women with RM diagnosed with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) are characterized by the marked presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLa). There are several scientific reports available on the association between APS and RM; however, scanty data available about the beneficial role of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in APS and APS mediated RM. In the present attempt, we tried to gather information to explain the possible associations between the role of CoQ10 in RM and APS. Methods: We collected peer-reviewed literature using keywords; antiphospholipid syndrome, CoQ10, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress and recurrent miscarriage in online electronic databases, such as Web of Science, Science Direct, Google Scholar, PubMed and Medline. The qualitative analysis of content was done by summarizing interventions and findings of included studies, on the basis of which a conceptual framework was prepared for this narrative review. Results: The beneficial role of CoQ10 in diverse pathological conditions has been summarized and the evidence suggests that CoQ10 being a potent antioxidant helps in the amelioration of free radicalmediated aPLa production, endothelial damage and mitochondrial dysfunction. The supplementation of CoQ10 overcomes the immune dysregulation in idiopathic RM and APS; thus could be a possible therapeutic adjunct in such diseases. Conclusion: Based on this review, further comprehensive studies may be conducted to illuminate the beneficial therapeutic effects of supplementing CoQ10 on possible modifiable pathways involved in the progression of RM and APS.