Currently Available Methods of Bacterial Cell Detection

The bacterial surface is a complex combination of various immunogenic components of genus, species, and strain specificity. Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies, used widely in the manufacture of diagnostic test systems, have traditionally served as biological components for the specific detection of bacterial cells. In molecular biology, bacterial cell detection is performed with the help of genetic engineering technologies for cloning recognizing fragments (hypervariable immunoglobulin domains (miniantibodies). These technologies are cheaper and can be competitive in selectivity with hybridoma technologies. At present, research is actively working to improve cell detection sensitivity with the use of electro-optical and electro-acoustical analysis, the main problem being to select antibodies with greater analytical sensitivity. This review highlights the use of specific antibodies and miniantibodies in electro-optical and electro-acoustical analysis for the detection of bacterial cells.