Current Drug Targets - Infectious Disorders - Volume 3, Issue 2, 2003

Volume 3, Issue 2, 2003
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CD8+ T-cell-mediated Non-cytolytic Suppression of Human Immunodeficiency Viruses
Authors: C. Vella and R.S. DanielsMajor Histocompatibility (MHC)-restricted Cytotoxic T-Lymphocytes (CTL) kill Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected cells. In addition, activated CD8+ T-lymphocytes from HIV-infected individuals suppress virus replication in vitro by producing antiviral factor (CAF). The effector mechanism(s) of CAF involves modulation of HIV gene transcription, is non-cytolytic and mediated in part by soluble antiviral factors. Init Read More
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Targeted Inhibition of Angiogenic Factors in AIDS-related Disorders
More LessImmunosuppression associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) markedly increases the risk for development of several cancers. Despite its dramatic decrease in frequency after the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) remains the most common neoplastic manifestation of AIDS. KS is a multicentric Read More
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Viral Latent Proteins as Targets for Kaposi's Sarcoma and Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus (KSHV / HHV-8) Induced Lymphoma
Authors: M.R. Staudt and D.P. DittmerKaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV / HHV-8) is present in all Kaposi's sarcoma tumor cells as well as in several lymphomas that are linked to this agent. Every tumor cell expresses the viral latent protein LANA, which is required for KSHV latent replication and proper segregation of the viral episome. In certain tumors, other latent KSHV proteins (LANA- 2 / vIRF3, v-cyclin, v-IL6) are expressed as well. Since all herp Read More
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Current Perspectives on Cytokines for Anti-retroviral Therapy in AIDS Related B-cell Lymphomas
By V. SharmaThe development of high-grade B-cell lymphoma in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) patients is a relatively late manifestation induced by Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV) infection and is considered to be an AIDS-defining condition. Multiple, ongoing molecular and cytogenetic aberrations appear necessary for the development of AIDS-related lymphoma. Studying a panel of human B-cell lines deriv Read More
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Particle-based Vaccines for HIV-1 Infection
Authors: K.R. Young and T.M. RossThe use of live-attenuated viruses as vaccines has been successful for the control of viral infections. However, the development of an effective vaccine against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has proven to be a challenge. HIV infects cells of the immune system and results in a severe immunodeficiency. In addition, the ability of the virus to adapt to immune pressure and the ability to reside in an integrated form Read More
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Immunological Approaches for HIV Therapy
Authors: F. Lori, L.M. Kelly and J. LisziewiczThe induction of a Th-1 polarized immune response is believed to be advantageous when designing immunologic approaches for HIV therapy. DNA vaccines represent one of the best immunologic strategies capable of inducing such a response. From conception to clinical application it is now possible to rationally design DNA vaccines based on reliable experimental data, thus a systemic approach to the development of new an Read More
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Viral Reservoirs an Impediment to HAART: New Strategies to Eliminate HIV-1
Authors: N.K. Saksena and D.N. HaddadThe introduction of potent drug combinations comprising reverse transcriptase and protease inhibitors has dramatically altered the natural history of HIV disease, at least in the short term. Unfortunately, poor penetrability into different anatomic compartments, toxicity and drug resistance, are some of the problems related to their prolonged use. HIV's ability to mutate and become resistant along with the ongoing viral replicatio Read More
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