Targeting Histone Onco- Modifications Using Plant-Derived Products

The regulatory mechanisms lying over the genome that determines the differential expression of genes are termed epigenetic mechanisms. DNA methylation, acetylation, and phosphorylation of histone proteins and RNAi are typical examples. These epigenetic modifications are important determinants of normal growth and metabolism; at the same time, aberrant histone modifications play a major role in pathological conditions and are emerging as a new area of research for the last decades. Histone onco-modification is a term introduced by the scientific world to denote histone post-translational modifications that are associated with cancer development and progression. These modifications are likely to act in certain conditions as adaptive mechanisms to environmental and social factors. The enzymes that regulate DNA methylation as well as histone modifications are thus become a target for cancer therapy and chemoprevention. Since oxidative stress has been shown to modulate epigenetic changes, and phytocompounds with powerful antioxidant properties have a significant role in disease prevention. Nowadays, “nutri- epigenetics” is becoming an emerging area of research that deals with the influence of dietary compounds in epigenetics. This review aims to discuss the biological efficacy of promising phytocompounds that are able to counteract deleterious epigenetic modifications, especially histone onco- modifications.