s Atypical Presentation of Tardive Dyskinesia Associated with Risperidone Long-Acting Injection as Maintenance Treatment in Bipolar Affective Disorder: A Case Report

Second-generation antipsychotics have been growingly implicated in the acute and maintenance treatment for bipolar affective disorder (BAD). Risperidone long-acting injection (LAI) has been the first second-generation depot indicated for its maintenance treatment. However, its long-term motor side-effects, especially tardive dyskinesia (TD), has not been commonly reported or studied. The case reported here a bipolar patient with atypical presentation of TD involving only the crico-hyoid region of the neck associated with the use of risperidone LAI in adjunct to lithium and sodium valproate as maintenance therapy.