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Abstract

Background

Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) require precise treatments. Cetuximab (Ceb) targets EGFR, and copper (Cu) compounds show promise in cancer therapy. This study investigates Ceb-Cu-p-NC, a nanoengineered drug delivery system, designed for enhanced HNSCC treatment. The objective of this study is to evaluate the potential of Ceb-Cu-p-NC in HNSCC treatment.

Methods

Cu precursor, Ceb, poloxamer-407, and hyaluronic acid were used to synthesize Ceb-Cu-p-NC. Fluorescence microscopy and UV spectrophotometry were utilized to determine Ceb integration efficiency, cellular interactions, and drug concentration. Drug release was assessed in-vitro studies at pH 5.4 and 7.4. Studies using A-253 cell lines were conducted to analyze cytotoxicity, viability, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest.

Results

In this study, Ceb-Cu-p-NC showed size reduction (85-120 nm) and zeta potential shift. The Ceb integration was 34.92% with 82.5% entrapment efficiency. Cytotoxicity studies revealed enhanced efficacy (IC50: 27.55 mg/mL - 51.47 mg/mL). Flow cytometry showed significant apoptosis and S-phase cell cycle arrest, with statistically significant results ( < 0.05).

Discussion

Ceb conjugation to Cu-p-NC enhanced nanoparticle stability, reduced surface charge, and enabled targeted, controlled drug release. The formulation showed superior cytotoxicity, apoptosis induction, and S-phase arrest in A-253 cells compared to free Ceb, highlighting its potential as an effective targeted therapy for head and neck cancer.

Conclusion

Ceb-Cu-p-NC demonstrates targeted efficacy against HNSCCs, with controlled release, increased cytotoxicity, and apoptosis.

© 2025 The Author(s). Published by Bentham Science Publishers.
This is an open access article published under CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
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2025-08-28
2025-11-16

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Nano-Engineered Cetuximab-Copper Complexes for Targeted Drug Delivery in Head and Neck Cancer
Bentham Science Publishers ; https://doi.org/10.2174/0115672018373037250821092024
/content/journals/cdd/10.2174/0115672018373037250821092024
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  • Article Type:     Research Article
Keywords: copper ; metal ; drug delivery ; Cetuximab ; head and neck cancer ; nanoparticles

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