Current Aging Science - Online First
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The Therapeutic Potential of Targeting the Pd-L1/Pd-1 Immune Checkpoint Pathway in Alzheimer's Disease
Available online: 06 December 2024More LessAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and chronic neuroinflammation. Emerging evidence suggests that the PD-L1/PD-1 immune checkpoint pathway plays a critical role in modulating neuroinflammation, microglial function, and amyloid-β clearance in AD. This review summarizes the current understanding of the PD-L1/PD-1 pathway in AD and discusses its potential as a therapeutic target. Preclinical studies and clinical trials have demonstrated that targeting the PD-L1/PD-1 axis can enhance microglial phagocytosis, promote amyloid-β clearance, and reduce neuroinflammation. We examine the potential benefits and challenges of using existing immunotherapy drugs, such as anti-PD-L1 and anti-PD-1 antibodies, in the context of AD.
Additionally, we explore the development of novel, more specific agents targeting the PD-L1/PD-1 pathway, as well as potential synergistic approaches with other immunomodulatory or amyloid-β-targeting treatments. This review provides a comprehensive and up-to-date analysis of the PD-L1/PD-1 immune checkpoint pathway's role in Alzheimer's disease, highlighting its promising therapeutic potential for improving patient outcomes. Further research is warranted to optimize treatment strategies and evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of targeting this axis in clinical settings.
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New Insights into Colorectal Cancer through the Lens of Precision Oncology and Personalized Medicine: Multi-Omics Helps Aging of Predisposed People
Available online: 05 November 2024More LessBackgroundRecently, there has been a significant evolution in our understanding of the molecular pathways causing the genesis and progression of cancer via the inter-individual variations. Thus, one-size-fits-all methods for cancer treatment have been replaced by precision oncology (PO) targeting individual cancer symptoms, offering increased effectiveness, and decreased safety concerns and cost load.
ObjectiveThe identification of novel actionable indications, rapid, precise, and comprehensive detection of complex phenotypes in every individual, pioneering clinical trial projects with enhanced response feedback, and widespread availability of innovative targeted anticancer management for every patient are vital for the effective implementation of next-generation precision oncology. Additionally, the emergence of precision medicine has altered the perspective of oncologic biomarkers, drug discovery, drug development, and, improvements for cancer patients.
MethodThis paper narratively reviewed to identify actionable abnormalities, Genomic profiling of tumors employing clinical next-generation sequencing (NGS) from both tumor tissues and liquid biopsies along with the multi-omics strategies as the key component of PO.
ResultsOur increasing information on tumor biology, specifically microenvironment and heterogeneity-associated data, would improve our understanding of the resistance of targeted drugs and specific mechanisms of action, as well as help enhance existing metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) treatment strategies.
ConclusionCollectively, this paper indicated the current and innovative strategies for prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment of various cancer types based on PO overview with a groundbreaking emphasis on CRC suggesting the integrations of multi-omics, highlighting Genomics, and utilizing AL and ML algorithms with targeted therapies. Notably, these findings can help improve the life-span and ageing of the predisposed people.
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Shorter Telomere Length is Associated with Food Insecurity in Older People: A Cross-Sectional Study
Available online: 09 October 2024More LessBackgroundTelomere length has been investigated as a biomarker of biological aging and is associated with several diseases, lifestyle, and socioeconomic factors.
ObjectiveThis study aimed to verify whether food insecurity is associated with shorter telomere length in older people.
MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study carried out in a municipality in the interior of Brazil, with a sample of 440 older people from the community. For telomere length analysis, a blood sample was obtained from each participant, followed by real-time qPCR, and sociodemographic and health information was collected through interviews. Food security/insecurity was measured using the reduced version of the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale. Descriptive analysis and multiple logistic regression were performed to analyze the factors associated with shorter telomere length, adopting a significance level of 5%.
ResultsWe found that food insecurity was significantly associated with shorter telomere length, regardless of age group, skin color, tabagism, physical activity, milk and dairy consumption, living arrangement, and basic activities of daily life.
ConclusionThe findings show the importance of ensuring full access to adequate nutrition for the older population, who are physiologically and socially vulnerable.
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Polyphenols and Aging
Authors: Brannon L. Queen and Trygve O. Tollefsbol
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