Bioactive Phytochemicals and Molecular Mechanisms of Artemisiae capillariae against Drug Induced Liver Injury based on Network Pharmacology

Background: Artemisiae capillariae (Yinchen, YC) is a well-known herbal medicine used to treat drug-induced liver diseases, while the bioactive phytochemicals and pharmacological targets of YC remain unclear. Objective: The study aimed to probe the key active components in YC and determine the potential molecular mechanisms of YC protect against DILI. Methods: In this study, we first delved into the active chemicals and targets of YC, identified potential anti-AILI targets for YC, mapped the components-targets network, performed proteinprotein interaction (PPI) analysis, gene ontology (GO) enrichment, and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) signaling pathway analyses of the action targets. This led to figure out the liver protective mechanism of YC against AILI. Analyzing the molecular docking of key targets, binding domain of ingredients and targets reveals the effective interaction, and the binding energy explains the efficiency and stability of the interactions. Results: Network analysis identified 53 components in YC; by systematic screening 13 compounds were selected, which were associated with 123 AILI-related genes. The core ingredients were quercetin, capillarisin and Skrofulein, and the identified crucial genes were AKT1, TNF, and IL6. The GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis results indicated that the anti-AILI targets of YC mainly take a part in the regulation of oxidative stress and immune, with related signaling pathways including PI3K/AKT and IL17. Furthermore, the binding pockets of YC bioactive ingredients and key targets were revealed, and the binding ability was proved by molecular docking analysis. Conclusion: This study has revealed the potential bioactive molecules and mechanism of YC in AILI and provided a possible strategy for the identification of active phytochemicals against druginduced liver injury.