Skip to content
2000
Volume 21, Issue 4
  • ISSN: 1573-4099
  • E-ISSN: 1875-6697

Abstract

Background

To a certain extent, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)-based anesthesia has replaced opiate administration in recent years. Preliminary drug screening has revealed that scopolamine may affect breast cancer (BC) metastasis by an unknown mechanism.

Methods

Network pharmacology, bioinformatics, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) topological analysis were implemented to identify the core genes linking scopolamine and BC. The core genes were then subjected to gene expression profiling interactive analysis (GEPIA). The top ten pathways were detected by gene ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses. The impact of immune infiltration on the core gene difference and survival analyses was then determined. Molecular docking was then performed on the core genes and the main active components.

Results

and were the key genes in the interaction between scopolamine and BC cells. The KEGG enrichment analysis disclosed that the top ten pathways significantly associated with the scopolamine response in BC included “protein glycosylation,” “phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt signaling,” “mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling” and others. The , and especially the expression levels were correlated with survival in patients with BC. Immune infiltration also influenced the survival outcome. Molecular docking demonstrated that scopolamine bound and formed stable complexes with the protein products of all five aforementioned genes.

Conclusion

Scopolamine has multiple targets regulating BC cell function and may increase the risk of metastasis during treatment. Therefore, it should be preoperatively administered with caution to patients with BC.

© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/cad/10.2174/0115734099281860231221084102
2024-01-16
2025-09-05

  • From This Site

    /content/journals/cad/10.2174/0115734099281860231221084102
    dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
    -contentType:Contributor -contentType:Concept -contentType:Institution
    10
    5
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. WangK ChenQ ShaoY YinS LiuC LiuY WangR WangT QiuY YuH. Anticancer activities of TCM and their active components against tumor metastasis.Biomed. Pharmacother.202113311104410.1016/j.biopha.2020.111044
     [Google Scholar]
  2. WangW.Y. ZhouH. WangY.F. SangB.S. LiuL. Current policies and measures on the development of traditional chinese medicine in China.Pharmacol. Res.202116310518710.1016/j.phrs.2020.10518732916255
     [Google Scholar]
  3. ZhangZ.J. WeiX. ZhangR.X. PanJ.J. LiL. JiaR. ZhangX.F. ZhangS.M. GaoX.M. XuH.Q. [Clinical observation of acupoint application of Chinese herbal medicine in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting after orthopaedic surgery under general anesthesia].Zhongguo Gu Shang202134981482034569204
     [Google Scholar]
  4. XuH. WeiX. ZhangR. LiL. ZhangZ. JiaR. ZhangX. GaoX. DongX. PanJ. The acupoint herbal plaster for the prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting after PLIF with general anesthesia: Study protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled trial.Trials20212217910.1186/s13063‑021‑05037‑733482878
     [Google Scholar]
  5. ZhongG. HoS.H.K. TungA.M.S. Propofol extravasation pain masked by lignocaine premedication.Korean J. Anesthesiol.202174436636710.4097/kja.2068733401347
     [Google Scholar]
  6. SolimanR.N. HassanA.R. RashwanA.M. OmarA.M. Prospective, randomized study to assess the role of dexmedetomidine in patients with supratentorial tumors undergoing craniotomy under general anaesthesia.Middle East J. Anaesthesiol.201121332533422428485
     [Google Scholar]
  7. YeungK.T. YangJ. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition in tumor metastasis.Mol. Oncol.2017111283910.1002/1878‑0261.1201728085222
     [Google Scholar]
  8. KwakyeGF JiménezJ JiménezJA AschnerM Atropa belladonna neurotoxicity: Implications to neurological disorders. Food Chem. Toxicol.2018116Pt B346353
     [Google Scholar]
  9. RiadM. HitheC.C. StatPearls Treasure Island (FL)StatPearls Publishing2023
     [Google Scholar]
  10. KimE. UmM. KimK. KimJ. KimS. ParkD. KwonK. ChungJ. KimY. Safety and efficacy of glycopyrrolate as a premedication for endoscopic submucosal dissection: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.Endoscopy2017491094995610.1055/s‑0043‑11249128637064
     [Google Scholar]
  11. LanpherN.W. SchnittkaE.M. HaggagA. Transdermal scopolamine and urinary retention following urogynecologic surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Int. Urogynecol. J. Pelvic Floor Dysfunct.20233481689169610.1007/s00192‑023‑05467‑836719449
     [Google Scholar]
  12. McLendonK. PreussC.V. StatPearls Treasure Island (FL)StatPearls Publishing2023
     [Google Scholar]
  13. EgerE.I.II Atropine, scopolamine, and related compounds.Anesthesiology196223336538310.1097/00000542‑196205000‑0001213889415
     [Google Scholar]
  14. GongQ. JanowskiM. LuoM. WeiH. ChenB. YangG. LiuL. Efficacy and adverse effects of atropine in childhood myopia.JAMA Ophthalmol.2017135662463010.1001/jamaophthalmol.2017.109128494063
     [Google Scholar]
  15. LewisC.B. AdamsN. PhenobarbitalStatPearls StatPearls Publishing2022
     [Google Scholar]
  16. AtifQ.A.A. Al ObaidO. MalikA.M. Effect of intravenous scopolamine before stapling, on postoperative nausea and vomiting in sleeve gastrectomy patients: A randomized controlled trial.Surg. Endosc.202236107717772110.1007/s00464‑022‑09075‑335175414
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Abu-OdahH. MolassiotisA. LiuJ. Challenges on the provision of palliative care for patients with cancer in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review of reviews.BMC Palliat. Care20201915510.1186/s12904‑020‑00558‑532321487
     [Google Scholar]
  18. AlkireB.C. RaykarN.P. ShrimeM.G. WeiserT.G. BicklerS.W. RoseJ.A. NuttC.T. GreenbergS.L.M. KotagalM. RieselJ.N. EsquivelM. Uribe-LeitzT. MolinaG. RoyN. MearaJ.G. FarmerP.E. Global access to surgical care: A modelling study.Lancet Glob. Health201536e316e32310.1016/S2214‑109X(15)70115‑425926087
     [Google Scholar]
  19. KrawczykP. LoncT. ŚwistekR. TyszeckiP. AndresJ. Anesthesia for gynecological cancer surgery.Folia Med. Cracov.2022623194236309829
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Raigon-PonferradaA. RecioM.E.D. Guerrero-OrriachJ.L. Malo-MansoA. Escalona-BelmonteJ.J. AliagaM.R. FernándezA.R. GarcíaF.J.F. ConejoE.A. Cruz-MañasJ. Breast cancer and anesthesia.Curr. Pharm. Des.201925282998300410.2174/138161282566619071218343631309884
     [Google Scholar]
  21. RuizJ.C.M. Guerrero OrriachJ.L. PonferradaA.R. Romero MolinaS. JosefaG.M. Anesthesia and cancer: Something more than avoiding stress response.Curr. Gene Ther.202323426127510.2174/156652322366623032816510936994976
     [Google Scholar]
  22. ChenF. LiM. ZhuX. Retraction notice to “Propofol suppresses proliferation and migration of papillary thyroid cancer cells by down-regulation of lncRNA ANRIL” [Experimental and Molecular Pathology 107 (2019) 68–76].Exp. Mol. Pathol.202011710455710.1016/j.yexmp.2020.10455733220918
     [Google Scholar]
  23. XuF. ZhangT. ZhengX.Q. YANGCX. LIANGH. Effects of sevoflurane pretreatment on lung metastasis of Lewis lung cancer cells in mice.J. Clin. Anesth.2017337173
     [Google Scholar]
  24. HanJY ZhaoHW SongZG Effect of propofol on perioperative micrometastasis of lung cancer patients.J. Clin. Anesth.202036257261
     [Google Scholar]
  25. YapA. Lopez-OlivoM.A. DubowitzJ. HillerJ. RiedelB. RiedelB. WigmoreT. DubowitzJ. FergusonM. ShanD. YeeK. HillerJ. MeyerI. YapA. SchierR. GottumukkalaV. WilksJ. SchickV. HuiV. SloanE. CataJ. BuggyD. Global Onco-Anesthesia Research Collaboration Group Anesthetic technique and cancer outcomes: A meta-analysis of total intravenous versus volatile anesthesia.Can. J. Anaesth.201966554656110.1007/s12630‑019‑01330‑x30834506
     [Google Scholar]
  26. KujawaE. BlauA. RamettaL. Anesthesia related to breast cancer recurrence and chronic pain: A review of current research.AANA J.202189429129834342566
     [Google Scholar]
  27. KimR. Effects of surgery and anesthetic choice on immunosuppression and cancer recurrence.J. Transl. Med.2018161810.1186/s12967‑018‑1389‑729347949
     [Google Scholar]
  28. XuY.B. JiangW. ZhaoF.R. LiG. DuQ.H. ZhangM.Y. GuoX.G. Propofol suppresses invasion and induces apoptosis of osteosarcoma cell in vitro via downregulation of TGF-β1 expression.Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci.20162071430143527097968
     [Google Scholar]
  29. LiuZ. ZhangJ. HongG. QuanJ. ZhangL. YuM. Propofol inhibits growth and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells through regulation of the miR-21/Slug signaling pathway.Am. J. Transl. Res.20168104120413327829997
     [Google Scholar]
  30. XingW. ChenD.T. PanJ.H. ChenY.H. YanY. LiQ. XueR.F. YuanY.F. ZengW.A. Lidocaine induces apoptosis and suppresses tumor growth in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro and in a xenograft model in vivo.Anesthesiology2017126586888110.1097/ALN.000000000000152828121635
     [Google Scholar]
  31. XuanW. ZhaoH. HankinJ. ChenL. YaoS. MaD. Local anesthetic bupivacaine induced ovarian and prostate cancer apoptotic cell death and underlying mechanisms in vitro.Sci. Rep.2016612627710.1038/srep2627727195613
     [Google Scholar]
  32. IwasakiM. ZhaoH. JafferT. UnwithS. BenzonanaL. LianQ. SakamotoA. MaD. Volatile anaesthetics enhance the metastasis related cellular signalling including CXCR2 of ovarian cancer cells.Oncotarget2016718260422605610.18632/oncotarget.830427028996
     [Google Scholar]
  33. ZhuM. LiM. ZhouY. DangelmajerS. KahlertU.D. XieR. XiQ. ShahveranovA. YeD. LeiT. Isoflurane enhances the malignant potential of glioblastoma stem cells by promoting their viability, mobility in vitro and migratory capacity in vivo.Br. J. Anaesth.2016116687087710.1093/bja/aew12427199319
     [Google Scholar]
  34. SelbyL.V. Fernandez-BustamanteA. EjazA. GleisnerA. PawlikT.M. DouinD.J. Association between anesthesia delivered during tumor resection and cancer survival: A systematic review of a mixed picture with constant themes.J. Gastrointest. Surg.20212582129214110.1007/s11605‑021‑05037‑734100251
     [Google Scholar]
  35. XiaS. ZhouD. GeF. SunM. ChenX. ZhangH. MiaoC. Influence of perioperative anesthesia on cancer recurrence: from basic science to clinical practice.Curr. Oncol. Rep.2023252638110.1007/s11912‑022‑01342‑936512273
     [Google Scholar]
  36. SenS. KoyyalamudiV. SmithD.D. WeisR.A. MolloyM. SpenceA.L. KayeA.J. Labrie-BrownC.C. Morgan HallO. CornettE.M. KayeA.D. The role of regional anesthesia in the propagation of cancer: A comprehensive review.Baillieres. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Anaesthesiol.201933450752210.1016/j.bpa.2019.07.00431791567
     [Google Scholar]
  37. LiuYH FuHY NiuJ Propofol inhibits the metastasis of gastric cancer cells by regulating HDAC1.Mod. Oncol. Med.20172515321536
     [Google Scholar]
  38. ZhangY.L. PeiL.J. SunC. ZhaoM.Y. CheL. HuangY.G. Regional anesthesia and cancer recurrence in patients with late-stage cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Chin. Med. J.2021134202403241110.1097/CM9.000000000000167634608071
     [Google Scholar]
  39. IwasakiM. MaD. General anesthesia type and cancer prognosis: Comment.Anesthesiology2021135110.1097/ALN.000000000000380433930110
     [Google Scholar]
  40. RuJ. LiP. WangJ. ZhouW. LiB. HuangC. LiP. GuoZ. TaoW. YangY. XuX. LiY. WangY. YangL. TCMSP: A database of systems pharmacology for drug discovery from herbal medicines.J. Cheminform.2014611310.1186/1758‑2946‑6‑1324735618
     [Google Scholar]
  41. KeiserM.J. RothB.L. ArmbrusterB.N. ErnsbergerP. IrwinJ.J. ShoichetB.K. Relating protein pharmacology by ligand chemistry.Nat. Biotechnol.200725219720610.1038/nbt128417287757
     [Google Scholar]
  42. MendezD. GaultonA. BentoA.P. ChambersJ. De VeijM. FélixE. MagariñosM.P. MosqueraJ.F. MutowoP. NowotkaM. Gordillo-MarañónM. HunterF. JuncoL. MugumbateG. Rodriguez-LopezM. AtkinsonF. BoscN. RadouxC.J. Segura-CabreraA. HerseyA. LeachA.R. ChEMBL: Towards direct deposition of bioassay data.Nucleic Acids Res.201947D1D930D94010.1093/nar/gky107530398643
     [Google Scholar]
  43. XiaoY. MaM. LiY. XiaoY. Polygenic regulation by flos daturae in the treatment of breast cancer: A study based on network pharmacology and bioinformatics.Lett. Drug Des. Discov.202320664966110.2174/1570180820666230214104234
     [Google Scholar]
  44. LánczkyA. GyőrffyB. Web-based survival analysis tool tailored for medical research (KMplot): Development and implementation.J. Med. Internet Res.2021237e2763310.2196/2763334309564
     [Google Scholar]
  45. JohnstonF.M. BeckmanM. Updates on management of gastric cancer.Curr. Oncol. Rep.20192186710.1007/s11912‑019‑0820‑431236716
     [Google Scholar]
  46. YanagawaB. MazineA. ChanE.Y. BarkerC.M. GrittiM. ReulR.M. RaviV. IbarraS. ShapiraO.M. CusimanoR.J. ReardonM.J. Surgery for tumors of the heart.Semin. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.201830438539710.1053/j.semtcvs.2018.09.00130205144
     [Google Scholar]
  47. OginoA. HiraiT. SerizawaT. YoshinoA. Gamma knife surgery for brain metastases from uterine malignant tumor.World Neurosurg.2020139e363e37210.1016/j.wneu.2020.03.22532305598
     [Google Scholar]
  48. KimR. Anesthetic technique for cancer surgery: Harm or benefit for cancer recurrence? Eur J Surg Oncol201844557558
     [Google Scholar]
  49. Cañellas-SociasA. CortinaC. Hernando-MomblonaX. Palomo-PonceS. MulhollandE.J. TuronG. MateoL. ContiS. RomanO. SevillanoM. SlebeF. StorkD. Caballé-MestresA. Berenguer-LlergoA. Álvarez-VarelaA. FendericoN. NovellasdemuntL. Jiménez-GraciaL. SipkaT. BardiaL. LordenP. ColombelliJ. HeynH. TrepatX. TejparS. SanchoE. TaurielloD.V.F. LeedhamS. AttoliniC.S.O. BatlleE. Metastatic recurrence in colorectal cancer arises from residual EMP1+ cells.Nature2022611793660361310.1038/s41586‑022‑05402‑936352230
     [Google Scholar]
  50. StrobelO. NeoptolemosJ. JägerD. BüchlerM.W. Optimizing the outcomes of pancreatic cancer surgery.Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol.2019161112610.1038/s41571‑018‑0112‑130341417
     [Google Scholar]
  51. WangJ.L. ElderJ.B. Techniquesltases.Neurosurg. Clin. N. Am.202031452753610.1016/j.nec.2020.06.00332921349
     [Google Scholar]
  52. ChenZ. ZhangP. XuY. YanJ. LiuZ. LauW.B. LauB. LiY. ZhaoX. WeiY. ZhouS. Surgical stress and cancer progression: The twisted tango.Mol. Cancer201918113210.1186/s12943‑019‑1058‑331477121
     [Google Scholar]
  53. TangF. TieY. TuC. WeiX. Surgical trauma‐induced immunosuppression in cancer: Recent advances and the potential therapies.Clin. Transl. Med.202010119922310.1002/ctm2.2432508035
     [Google Scholar]
  54. ChengX. ZhangH. HamadA. HuangH. TsungA. Surgery-mediated tumor-promoting effects on the immune microenvironment.Semin. Cancer Biol.202286Pt 340841910.1016/j.semcancer.2022.01.00635066156
     [Google Scholar]
  55. PlückerJ. WirsikN.M. RitterA.S. SchmidtT. WeigandM.A. Anaesthesia as an influence in tumour progression.Langenbecks Arch. Surg.202140651283129410.1007/s00423‑021‑02078‑z33523307
     [Google Scholar]
  56. WangW. XiaoJ. ShenS. WangS. ChenM. HuY. Emerging effect of anesthesia on post-operative tumor recurrence and metastasis.J. Int. Med. Res.20194783550355810.1177/030006051986145531296069
     [Google Scholar]
  57. GhabiA. MtiraouiH. HaouasA. Al-GhulikahH. SanselmeM. MsaddekM. Design and synthesis of new N-substituted benzimidazolidinone as predicted human BRD4 and human chymase inhibitors via molecular docking studies.J. Mol. Struct.2023129413632510.1016/j.molstruc.2023.136325
     [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/cad/10.2174/0115734099281860231221084102
Loading
Mechanism of the Effect of Scopolamine on Breast Cancer: Determination by Network Pharmacology and Bioinformatics
Curr. Computeraided Drug Des. 21, 559 (2025); https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734099281860231221084102
/content/journals/cad/10.2174/0115734099281860231221084102
/content/journals/cad/10.2174/0115734099281860231221084102
Loading

Data & Media loading...


  • Article Type:     Research Article
Keyword(s): anesthesia; Bioinformatics; breast cancer; network pharmacology; scopolamine; traditional chinese medicine ingredients

Most Cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error
Please enter a valid_number test