The Blood-Brain Barrier: Targeting in the Pathogenesis of C. neoformans Meningitis and Drug Discovery

The interaction between Cryptococcus neoformans and the host system is a consummate process, on account of the multiple components involved in its traversal of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). It is possible that this yeast pathogen may use different mechanisms of invasion under different physiological or pathological conditions. Understanding these mechanisms of encroachment can explicate the route of invasion, which may provide us with an indication for identifying the potential drug target sites. Current C. neoformans management still relies on the anti-fungal reagents, such as amphotericin B, fluconazole, or fluorocytosine. However, potential treatments on BBB, e.g., flurofamide and simvastatin, are emerging. This review summarizes the possible routes for C. neoformans traversal of the BBB, current regimens for C. neoformans, and potential new targets for treatments.