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image of Aptamers in Osteosarcoma: New Paths for Diagnosis and Treatment

Abstract

Introduction

Osteosarcoma remains the most common primary malignant bone tumor, with poor outcomes in metastatic or recurrent cases. Current treatments often fail to prevent relapse, highlighting the need for innovative therapeutic strategies. Aptamers, short and single-stranded oligonucleotides capable of folding into three-dimensional shapes, have emerged as promising tools for targeted cancer diagnostics and therapy due to their high affinity, specificity, and modifiability.

Methods

A structured search was conducted through PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar up to March 2025, focusing on peer-reviewed articles exploring the use of aptamers in osteosarcoma. A total of 158 studies were included, highlighting aptamer applications in tumor diagnosis, pathway targeting, and precision drug delivery.

Results

Aptamers demonstrated significant potential in osteosarcoma research, notably in identifying tumorigenesis pathways, enhancing diagnostic accuracy through ELISA and biosensors, and improving targeted drug delivery. SELEX-derived aptamers effectively targeted molecules such as CD133, EGFR, VEGFA, and FGFR1, leading to enhanced cytotoxicity, reduced off-target effects, and greater specificity for osteosarcoma cells and cancer stem cells. The integration of aptamers with nanoparticles further optimized therapeutic delivery, highlighting their capability to enhance precision medicine in osteosarcoma.

Discussion

Aptamers offer clear benefits over traditional osteosarcoma treatments. Their strong binding affinity to cancer cells, low risk of immune reactions, and flexible chemical modifications make them powerful tools for diagnosis and therapy, especially when combined with nanoparticle delivery systems.

Conclusion

Aptamers represent a promising class of targeted agents for osteosarcoma. Future research should prioritize optimizing delivery strategies and validating clinical efficacy to accelerate their integration into clinical practice.

© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers
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2026-03-08

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Bentham Science Publishers ; https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715206398665251010093110
/content/journals/acamc/10.2174/0118715206398665251010093110
/content/journals/acamc/10.2174/0118715206398665251010093110
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  • Article Type:     Review Article
Keywords: nanoparticle conjugates ; aptamer ; RNA ; Osteosarcoma ; molecular diagnostics ; SELEX ; tumorigenesis pathways ; precision oncology ; targeted drug delivery ; ssDNA

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