GIS Mapping of High Sewage Areas in India and Sustainable Design of Sewage Disposal System

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The current study focuses on designing sustainable sewage disposal systems for high-sewage locations in India by using ArcGIS software for GIS mapping. The study maps and examines the spatial distribution of sewage and disposal across the nation using ArcGIS software, which integrates data from multiple GIS sources such as census information, satellite images, and municipal records. The performance of the current sewage disposal systems in high-sewage locations in terms of upholding environmental and public health requirements is examined and evaluated in this article. Of the sewage generated in India, more than 62,000 million liters per day (MLD) are processed, according to the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) (2019). Water bodies receive the discharge of untreated sewage and pose a serious risk to human health and water pollution. In high-sewage locations—urban slums and peri-urban areas, for example—where sewage treatment infrastructure is either non-existent or insufficient, the situation is terrible. The study uses GIS mapping techniques to locate high-sewage regions in India using ArcGIS software. Then, it examines the features of these places, including socioeconomic level, housing conditions, and population density. According to the research, places with high sewage levels are primarily found in metropolitan and peril-urban regions that have dense populations and inadequate sanitary infrastructure. In high-sewage locations, the study also shows that the current sewage disposal systems are mostly insufficient and need to be upgraded in order to comply with environmental and public health regulations. The study suggests a sustainable sewage disposal system design for a specific Greater Noida high-sewage area that combines social and technical sewage management. In order to treat sewage at the source and lessen the strain on the centralized treatment plants, the design makes use of decentralized sewage treatment systems, such as septic tanks and anaerobic digesters. The design also places a strong emphasis on the use of affordable and energy-efficient technologies. The study concludes that because the suggested sustainable design incorporates the local community's active engagement in the sewage treatment process, it is both socially and economically acceptable.