Innovative Materials Shaping the Future: A Deep Dive into the Design of Semiconductor Devices

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The pursuit of advanced semiconductor materials drives innovations across various technological domains. This chapter explores cutting-edge materials essential for semiconductor device development. Key applications include solar cells, capacitors, supercapacitors, thermoelectric devices, sensors, and reactions, such as the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) and Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER), also known as water splitting. For solar cells, the chapter highlights materials engineered to boost efficiency and durability, reflecting the evolving landscape of photovoltaic technologies. Capacitors and supercapacitors are analyzed for their energy storage capabilities, with a focus on novel materials promising improved performance and longevity. Thermoelectric materials are examined for their ability to convert waste heat into electrical energy. Sensor technologies are explored, emphasizing materials designed to enhance sensitivity, selectivity, and response times. The chapter also delves into electrocatalysis, specifically addressing semiconductor materials used in water splitting. As the demand for sustainable energy grows, understanding the role of semiconductor materials in these catalytic reactions becomes crucial. This comprehensive exploration provides researchers, engineers, and scientists with a deep understanding of the diverse semiconductor materials shaping the future of electronic and energy applications. Through a multidimensional perspective, it underscores the pivotal role of innovative materials in advancing semiconductor nanoscale devices toward new levels of performance and functionality.