The Importance of Andrographolide and its Analogs in Prostate Cancer
- Authors: Kranthi Kumar Kotha1, Siddhartha Lolla2, Mopuri Deepa3, Gopinath Papichettypalle4, Ravishankar Ram Mani5, Narahari N. Palei6, Arghya Kusum Dhar7, Priyanka Keshri8, Alagusundaram Muthumanickam9, Mohana Vamsi Nuli10, Saijyothi Ausali11, Vinod K. Nelson12
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View Affiliations Hide Affiliations1 Department of. Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560078, India 2 Department of Pharmacology, GITAM School of Pharmacy, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management Deemed to be University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India 3 Departement of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Annamacharya College of Pharmacy, Razampet, Andhra Pradesh, India 4 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, GITAM School of Pharmacy, GITAM University Hyderabad Campus, Rudraram, Sangareddy, Telangana State, India 5 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia 6 AMITY Institute of Pharmacy, AMITY University Lucknow Campus, Uttar Pradesh 226010, India 7 School of Pharmacy, The Neotia University, Sarisha, West Bengal-743368, India 8 Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, ITM University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India 9 Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, ITM University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India 10 Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India 11 MNR College of Pharmacy, MNR Higher Education and Research Academy Campus, MNR Nagar, Sangareddy-502294, India 12 Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
- Source: Andrographolide and its Analogs: Botanical Sources, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Biotechnology , pp 141-170
- Publication Date: December 2024
- Language: English
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One of the most common cancers in males is prostate cancer, which frequently appears later in life after 65 years. Prostate cancer is the second most frequent disease in men globally, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), with 1.3 million new cases identified in 2018. Although the composite molecular mechanisms that cause prostate cancer are still not fully understood, certain important factors have been identified. These include mutations in the androgen receptor gene and the tumor suppressor gene known as prostate cancer gene 1 (PCA1) or "BRCA1", which are linked to prostate cancer. Furthermore, overproduction of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and changes in the concentrations or functions of particular proteins, such as cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), function as indicators of prostate cancer and aid in its progression. Age, family history, ethnicity, food, obesity, and exposure to specific chemicals and hormones are risk factors. Depending on the stage of the disease and the patient's general condition, the main treatment options for prostate cancer include surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and active surveillance. Examining several strategies, natural productsespecially those derived from plantshave shown signs of having anti-cancer qualities and are being researched as possible treatments for prostate cancer. Among these, andrographolidea diterpenoid lactone compoundhas attracted attention. It is extracted from the leaves of the Andrographis paniculata plant, traditionally used in Chinese and Ayurvedic medicine. Andrographolide and its analogs are being studied for their potential to treat a variety of malignancies, including prostate cancer, due to their well-known pharmacological actions, which include anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, and antioxidant qualities. Studies show that they have antiproliferative, pro-apoptotic, and antimetastatic properties in animal models and prostate cancer cell lines, suggesting they may be a valuable treatment for prostate cancer.
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