The Application of Biocarbon Polymer Nanocomposites as Filaments in the FDM Process – A Short Review

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Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is a solid-based 3D printing process. It is one of the additive manufacturing technologies that is used to create a three dimensional (3D) object using a CAD model. In the FDM process, raw material also known as filament, is initially in the solid state. Nowadays, biocarbon-incorporated polymer-based nanocomposite is used as a filament in the FDM process, due to the enhanced strength of the base polymer. In this paper, a review of carbon extracted from natural waste, such as tea powder, coffee grounds, egg shells, ocean plastic, coconut shells, etc., is presented The extraction procedure of biocarbon is given in detail. The results indicate that the strength enhancement of polymers can be achieved by incorporation of derived carbon from industry as well as agriculture waste. In addition, biocarbon-based polymer nanocomposite filaments in the FDM process can be developed by reinforcing the polymer matrix with carbon nanoparticles. Future work of this review process will explore the biobased carbon from various waste resources. The application of biocarbon-based polymer nanocomposites for the 3D printing process is highlighted.