Ionic Liquids: Fundamental Properties and Classifications

The ionic liquids (ILs) have been recognized as the salts of differently made anions and cations, existing in liquid form at rt or below 100 °C. They have drawn their special attention as an alternative to toxic solvents, such in organic transformations along with several other fields such as wastewater management, organic transformations, chemical transformations, synthesis of heterocycles, sensing applications, etc. The present work shall describe the basis of ILs, their types, structural insights, and mechanistic overview along with a brief introductory account of ILs for the general benefit of the reader of the present works.