Engineered Saccharomyces or Prospected non-Saccharomyces: Is There Only One Good Choice for Biorefineries?
- Authors: Sérgio L. Alves Jr1, Thamarys Scapini2, Andressa Warken3, Natalia Klanovicz4, Dielle P. Procópio5, Viviani Tadioto6, Boris U. Stambuk7, Thiago O. Basso8, Helen Treichel9
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View Affiliations Hide Affiliations1 Laboratory of Biochemistry and Genetics, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó/SC, Brazil 2 Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim/RS, Brazil 3 Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim/RS, Brazil 4 Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim/RS, Brazil ⋅ Research Group in Advanced Oxidation Processes (AdOx), Department of ChemicalEngineering, Escola Politécnica, University of São Paulo, São Paulo SP, Brazil 5 Department of Chemical Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Paulo SP, Brazil 6 Laboratory of Biochemistry and Genetics, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó/SC, Brazil 7 Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis SC, Brazil 8 Department of Chemical Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Paulo SP, Brazil 9 Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim/RS, Brazil
- Source: Yeasts: From Nature to Bioprocesses , pp 243-283
- Publication Date: March 2022
- Language: English
Engineered Saccharomyces or Prospected non-Saccharomyces: Is There Only One Good Choice for Biorefineries?, Page 1 of 1
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Biorefineries require residual biomass as a raw material for their processes. Among all the possible products, 2G ethanol is undoubtedly the most studied and is probably the most desired in environmental terms. Carbohydrate-rich feedstocks used in biorefineries are mainly composed of polysaccharides, cellulose and hemicellulose (xylan), which initially require the action of hydrolytic enzymes to release their constituent monosaccharides, mostly glucose (from cellulose) and xylose (from hemicellulose). The conversion of glucose into ethanol is carried out by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae with an efficiency close to the theoretical maximum yield (>90%). Although it is the most widely used yeast in alcoholic fermentation processes, S. cerevisiae cannot metabolize xylose unless it undergoes genetic or evolutionary engineering. However, in recent decades, wild yeasts with an innate capacity to ferment this pentose and even hydrolyze the polysaccharides from lignocellulosic biomasses have been isolated and characterized from natural environments. Facing this duality, we conducted a major literature review and presented the data both in favor of engineering S. cerevisiae and the prospective use of wild yeasts in this chapter. To analyze the strengths of each strategy, this chapter also highlights the applications of integrated hydrolysis and fermentation processes and the possibility of simultaneously generating xylitol as the second product in biorefineries.
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