Silver Nanoparticles as Next Generation Antibiotics

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The oligodynamic effect of AgNPs, ability to generate reactive oxygen species, biofilm inhibition, appreciable biocidal effect, interaction and disruption of cell membranes, and DNA damage contribute towards the antibiotic properties of AgNPs. In addition, a remarkable synergistic effect with the representative antibiotics further supports the use of AgNPs as next generation antimicrobial agents. The evasion of the efflux pumps by the AgNPs pertaining to their high concentration at the membrane surface presents a significant feature for their application as future antimicrobial agents. The tethering of the customary antibiotics or antimicrobial therapeutics with AgNPs alleviates their cellular entry that further improves the inhibition potency and minimizes the therapeutic dose required to achieve an optimal relieving effect against the target pathogen. Mainly, the AgNPs disrupt redox balance on contacting the microbial cells that trigger a series of events, eventually causing the microbial cell death. The antimicrobial efficacy of AgNPs further led to the development of antifouling fabrics, antibacterial bandages, anti-sweat clothing, in addition to home appliances, such as washing devices and water purifiers. The present chapter succinctly highlights the stature of AgNPs as next generation antibiotics.