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2000

The Effective Stress Equation

Based on the analysis of the equilibrium of solid particles of an unsaturated sample subject to a certain suction, it is possible to establish an analytical expression for Bishop´s parameter X . With this parameter, the effective stress can be evaluated and used to predict the shear strength and volumetric behavior of unsaturated soils. For the determination of parameter X , three elements are required: the saturated fraction, the unsaturated fraction, and the degree of saturation of the unsaturated fraction of the sample. The equation established for parameter X clarifies some features of the strength of unsaturated soils that, up to now, had no apparent explanation. A drawback to this expression is that the three required parameters for the determination of X cannot be obtained from current experimental procedures.

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