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Kjeldahl Method

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This method was introduced by Johan Kjeldahl in 1883 for the quantitative estimation of nitrogen in a compound which becomes a classical and widely employed method in analytical chemistry and has been extensively utilized from over more than 130 years. The presence of nitrogen in organic compounds and in other protein materials was identified by this technique. The amount of protein was calculated from the different varieties of material including food for human beings, some fertilizers, fossil fuels and other water waste. The process in this method to oxidize the compounds containing carbon dioxide or hydrogen atoms are changed in water. The ammonium ions are further transformed into ammonia gas when they dissolve in oxidized solution. The three step principle was describing the process of nitrogen estimation, in which the first step is digestion, which deals with the conversion of nitrogen in the food material into ammonia. In second step, the process of neutralization started, in which ammonium sulphate changed into ammonia gas. The third last step of titration was started and a suitable indicator was used to detect the end point of reaction. The first step in the procedure of this method is digestion and this process was done for at least 60-90 minutes. The second step deals with the distillation process in which the nitrogen is separated and the third step deals with the titration in the presence of acid and this will give us the determination of ammonia compound in the sample. In this chapter, we highlight the basic fundamentals, principle, procedure, applications and also recent advancements were covered.

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