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Free Radical Biology in Alzheimer's Disease

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Understanding the pathological findings and pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease has been ever-expanding and challenging. Oxidative stress resulting from excessive free radicals that can be scavenged by the antioxidant system of our body has been implicated in the initiation and progression of the illness. Neuronal oxidative stress can induce the formation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) protein, and it has been found that Aβ is involved in several intracellular pathways that orchestrate the cellular oxidative stress, resulting in a vicious cycle. Several risk factors can lead to AD by increasing neuronal oxidative stress. Therapy based on increasing and reinforcing the antioxidant defense against free radicals has shown promising results. New approaches are being developed, such as interventions targeting mitochondria and drugs that act through numerous mechanisms to address the various ways through which oxidative stress causes AD.

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