Relationship between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, PCOD, and Neurological Disorders: Role of Antidiabetic Drugs

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Polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have strong co-relation with each other, according to the accumulated evidence. However, many pieces of evidence have suggested that diabetes is the major risk cause behind PCOD and AD. We have focused on shedding light on the close association between PCOD, AD, and anti-diabetic drugs. When the family history of diabetes is studied extensively, it is illustrated that there are known associations between insulin resistance and development of the PCOD.Studies have been performed on different individuals with PCOD, both oligomenorrheic and eumenorrheic women. Irrespective of the criteria of obese and non-obese women, there is a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes history in their family, hence proving the family inheritance of the ovarian disorder. While studying the pathophysiology of diabetes, it is observed that many characteristics of AD are similar to that of T2DM such as elevated oxidative stress, amyloid-beta (Aβ) production at a high level, cerebrovascular complication, and dysfunctional insulin signaling. Among the anti-diabetic drugs, metformin is most commonly used, and it has many useful functions, such as controlling serum lipid profiles, having positive control over the hemostasis process, and serving an anti-inflammatory role