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Future Direction of Nanotherapy in the Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

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Worldwide, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes ofcancer-related deaths among humans. Several conventional therapies, includingsurgical and non-surgical methods such as liver transplantation, radiation, andchemotherapy, have been explored to combat this disease and improve the patients'quality of life. However, due to poor diagnosis of the disease, drug toxicity issues, anddifficulties related to liver transplantation, scientists search for novel techniques to treatHCC that ensure targeted drug delivery and help in diagnosing the disease.Nanotherapeutics are a new trend in drug discovery and medicine which deals withnano-sized formulations loaded with various types of materials such as drugs,antibodies, aptamers, genes, viruses, etc., and targeted delivery. Moreover, controlledrelease of the materials can be achieved through modifying their external and internalstructures as per requirement. Drug delivery through nano theranostics has taken a newturn as the diagnostic tools tagged with the nano-architectures ensure diagnosis andtreatment simultaneously. Nanotheranostics have significant application in theidentification of cancer progression through continuous monitoring and treatment ofcancer. In this review, we will discuss different beneficial effects and applications ofnanotherapeutics against HCC. Along with that, different upcoming strategies, such aspersonalized medicine, layer-by-layer technologies, implant theory, 3D printingtechnology, nanorobots, nanocrystals, nano-chips, etc., will be discussed here, whichmay pave the path towards successful diagnosis and treatment of HCC to improve thehealth of the patients.

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