Advanced Materials for Immune Sensors

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The chapter outlines the trends in the rapid development ofbiofunctionalized hybrid nanomaterials for application as immune sensors to detectbiomarkers, thehallmarks of diseases. Biofunctioanalized advanced materialsincorporate biological macromolecules/biomaterials with high specificity andselectivity, such as proteins with unique binding properties which are combined withthe electronic, optical or photonic properties of nanostructures, enabling them tofunction as sensors. Functionalization materialises due to similarity in dimension scaleallowing functional coupling leading to an effective signal transduction in thesesensors. A variety of nano objects metals, carbon nanotubes are coupled withproteins/immunoglobulins or antigens to yield biofunctionalized advanced materialsleading to the development of promising novel immune biosensors with manyadvanced features, like ergonomic, time saving, sensitivity, point-of-care costeconomy, feasibility and reproducibility.