Advanced Sensor Materials for the Simultaneous Voltammetric Determination of Antihypertensive Drugs: An Overview

Antihypertensives are one of the most consumed drugs worldwide. To reduce pill burden, more than one class of antihypertensive drugs can be found in the same tablet in a fixed-dose combination. In this chapter, an overview of about 35 papers reporting on the advanced sensor materials for the voltammetric simultaneous determination of antihypertensive drugs will be presented. Special attention is given to the strategies the authors used for enabling simultaneous determination. Several types of carbon-based electrodes were considered as a voltammetric sensor platform for the development of simultaneous determination procedures. The samples analyzed were fixed-dose tablets, preferentially, but human fluids and water samples were also analyzed. Voltammetric methods used for the simultaneous determination of antihypertensive drugs revealed very sensitive approaches reaching limits of detection in the micro-and nanomolar levels with analysis lasting less than one minute and consuming very low or even no organic solvents.