Structure-Activity Relationship of Flavonoids: Recent Updates

The biological, physicochemical, and environmental properties of substances are anticipated by utilizing structure-activity relationships (SARs). A SAR is a (qualitative) correlation between a chemical substructure and the potential for one of the chemicals in the substructure to have a particular biological property or effect. We are familiar with the term SAR which is a powerful concept in the discovery of any active pharmaceutical ingredient with both qualitative and quantitative associations that relate to the chemical structure and biological activity of any chemical compound. Due to their safety and medicinal efficacy, plant-derived functional foods are of great interest. In this chapter, the different types of biologically active compounds, their chemistry and SAR, and the different biologically active compounds from daily dietary supplements, foods, and fruits, which contain polyphenolic compounds, have been discussed. SAR of flavonoids like anthocyanidins, which is the principal component of the majority of fruits, vegetables, and flower petals, flavonols, usually called catechins, and isoflavones, are also discussed. Other polyphenolic compounds like tannins with their subtypes like hydrolysable and non-hydrolysable tannins are well covered.