Analytical Techniques For Analysis of Metals and Minerals in The Soil Samples

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<div&gt;Soils are the reservoirs of major, trace, and micro-nutrient elements.</div&gt;<div&gt;Determination of total metal content is important not only for geochemical application,</div&gt;<div&gt;but also for agriculture and environmental protection of living organisms.</div&gt;<div&gt;Determination of the total metal content is of interest for investigation of their mobility&lt;/div&gt;<div&gt;through the layers of soil, bioavailability for plant uptake, and animal/human&lt;/div&gt;<div&gt;consumption. In this chapter analytical techniques for analysis of metals from the soil&lt;/div&gt;<div&gt;samples are discussed. Quantitative analysis of the soil samples with fast and effective&lt;/div&gt;<div&gt;instrumental techniques such as atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), flame atomic&lt;/div&gt;<div&gt;absorption spectroscopy (F-AAS), graphite furnace or thermoelectric atomic absorption&lt;/div&gt;<div&gt;spectroscopy (GF-AAS, ET-AAS), inductively coupled plasma (ICP), neutron&lt;/div&gt;<div&gt;activation analysis (NAA), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) are described for the&lt;/div&gt;<div&gt;application in soil analysis. The pretreatment methods and basic procedures for&lt;/div&gt;<div&gt;separation of different elements, such as sequential and selective extraction, as well as&lt;/div&gt;<div&gt;novel extraction techniques have been highlighted. The different instrumental&lt;/div&gt;<div&gt;techniques, used for the characterization of metal ions, have been examined in terms of&lt;/div&gt;<div&gt;their limits, accuracy, reproducibility, and precision.</div&gt;