New Trends in Sample Preparation for Pharmaceutical and Biological Analysis by Chromatographic Methods

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<div&gt;Sample preparation is the rate-limiting step in the success of an analytical&lt;/div&gt;<div&gt;methodology. It is needed not only to clean–up and concentrate the sample but to avoid&lt;/div&gt;<div&gt;the matrix effect and to protect high–cost equipment from deterioration. Therefore, an&lt;/div&gt;<div&gt;appropriate sample pretreatment procedure will improve method sensitivity and&lt;/div&gt;<div&gt;selectivity and increase analyte recovery to achieve a method of high precision and&lt;/div&gt;<div&gt;accuracy that will result in an overall improvement of the performance of the analytical&lt;/div&gt;<div&gt;system. The sample preparation method should be as simple as possible, with minute&lt;/div&gt;<div&gt;sample requirements, easily automatized, and versatile enough to be coupled to&lt;/div&gt;<div&gt;different types of equipment. The new trend in this topic also considers miniaturization&lt;/div&gt;<div&gt;without sacrificing performance and embraces the principles of green and sustainable&lt;/div&gt;<div&gt;chemistry to reduce the costs and consumption of solvents and reagents, devices&lt;/div&gt;<div&gt;corrosion, and excessive disposal. This chapter will review the most recent and&lt;/div&gt;<div&gt;innovative developments in sample preparation applied to pharmaceutical,</div&gt;<div&gt;environmental, and biological analysis, bearing in mind the above–mentioned&lt;/div&gt;<div&gt;characteristics to achieve an appropriate analytical performance.</div&gt;