Superior Aspects of Liquid Chromatography- Based Mass Spectrometers in Chiral Analysis

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<div&gt;Chirality has many important roles in life activities because enzymes, amino&lt;/div&gt;<div&gt;acids, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, fats, metabolic intermediates, and many other types&lt;/div&gt;<div&gt;of biomolecules are chiral. Due to the different properties of enantiomers, chirality is&lt;/div&gt;<div&gt;important in biological systems, and it is also critically important in many other fields,</div&gt;<div&gt;such as the pharmaceutical industry, chemical industry, petrochemical industry, food&lt;/div&gt;<div&gt;industry, and agrochemicals, particularly, medicine. Roughly 56% of the&lt;/div&gt;<div&gt;pharmaceuticals currently in use are chiral, and 88% of these are administered in&lt;/div&gt;<div&gt;racemic proportions, while single-enantiomer formulations of some marketed drugs&lt;/div&gt;<div&gt;have shown the higher potency of one stereoisomer compared to the other. Although&lt;/div&gt;<div&gt;they have the same chemical structures, most of the enantiomers present in racemic&lt;/div&gt;<div&gt;drugs have different pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, biological, and toxic effects.</div&gt;<div&gt;The amounts of chiral molecules in different matrices are far below the levels required&lt;/div&gt;<div&gt;for the analysis of pharmaceutical preparations. Therefore, high resolution and&lt;/div&gt;<div&gt;sensitivity are needed to analyze chiral molecules. Mass spectrometers, which&lt;/div&gt;<div&gt;generally offer higher levels of sensitivity than conventional detection systems and&lt;/div&gt;<div&gt;accordingly allow the analysis of lower levels of analytes, have made large&lt;/div&gt;<div&gt;contributions to separation and detection science. Developments in new types of&lt;/div&gt;<div&gt;columns, different analysis modes, different matrices, and pharmaceutics will be&lt;/div&gt;<div&gt;explored in this chapter. The parameters will be discussed with the pros and cons&lt;/div&gt;<div&gt;together with their applicability to different sample types.</div&gt;