Pediatric and Neonatal Resuscitation

Because of the expansive differences between the anatomy and physiology of the pediatric versus the adult patient, the management of cardiorespiratory arrest and shock states in pediatric patients has many unique complexities. A detailed understanding of the etiology of the most common pathologies leading to these clinical scenarios both outside and inside the operating room enables providers to treat these patients in a systematic and goal-directed fashion and can lead to improved outcomes. The basics of cardiopulmonary resuscitation theory and technique, medication management, vascular access, monitoring, and post-resuscitation care are discussed. A special emphasis is placed on cardiac resuscitation during anesthesia care. Advanced techniques, including temporary extracorporeal life support, are also described so that providers will be able to recognize the clinical scenarios where these treatments may be indicated and enlist the appropriate resources.