Bentham Science Publishers

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has spread throughout the globe and much time has passed since it was declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). COVID-19: Diagnosis and Management provides clinicians and scholars all the information on this disease in 2 volumes. Readers will find a concise and visual reference for this viral disease and will be equipped with the knowledge to assess and manage Sar-Cov-2 infection cases in clinical settings.

This book is divided into two parts (I and II). Part I provides comprehensive information about 1) History of Coronaviruses, 2) Epidemiology of COVID-19, 3) Clinical presentation of this viral disease and 4) COVID-19 diagnosis. Part II covers broader topics about this communicable disease including 1) the prevention and treatment methodology, 2) mortality and long-term complications, 3) COVID-19 vaccines and future perspectives.

Key Features:

Covers all the aspects of COVID-19 making this a perfect textbook for virology and medical students.

Chapter wise description and segregation of topics from pathophysiology to diagnosis and management of COVID-19.

Six chapters in the first part which focus on clinical basics of COVID-19.

Six chapters in the second part which cover broader topics for practical infection control.

Multiple tables and figures which summarize and highlight important points.

Presents a summary of the current standards for the evaluation and diagnosis of COVID-19.

Features a detailed list of references, abbreviations, and symbols.

This book is an essential textbook reference for medical students, scientists (virologists, pulmonologists) and public health officials who are required to understand COVDI-19 diagnosis and management as part of their clinical training or professional work.

COVID-19: Epidemiology, Biochemistry, and Diagnostics explains COVID-19 from multidisciplinary angles such as the evolution of SARS-COV, genetic techniques to study the virus, and diagnostic methodologies widely used in the global COVID-19 pandemic.

The chapters in this book provide the reader with up-to-date literature about research on SARS-CoV-2 through three parts:

I) Evolution and Entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the host

II) Genetic Alteration and Structural Determination of SARS-CoV-2 Proteins

III) Quantitative Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 for research and medical diagnosis

Key Features:

- 15 chapters on SAR-CoV-2 in a multidisciplinary context

- Provides a comprehensive overview of SARS-CoV-2 evolution and genetics

- Provides biochemical information about SARS-CoV-2 proteins and receptor targets (both structural and non-structural proteins)

- Includes an overview of several methods of detecting SARS-CoV-2 virus particles (ELISA, PCR, Neutralizing Antibodies

- Covers some critical diagnostic modalities for COVID-19 diagnosis

- Provides bibliographic references for further reading

Readers will understand the significance of phylogenetic analysis of coronaviruses, along with the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and related diseases such as SARS and MERS. Applications of biochemical technologies such as RT-PCR and CRISPR are also demonstrated in the text. This book is a comprehensive introduction to COVID-19 research for medical researchers, microbiologists and virologists. Students in academic programs in life sciences and medicine will also benefit from the information provided in the book.

COVID-19 has spread like wildfire across the globe since the start of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, hampering quality of life at multiple levels and causing many deaths. Many aspects of the human experience have been affected, with a body of research being published on its effects on psychological and physical well being, loss of jobs, pay cuts, education, and unpaid caregiving. New findings on these aspects are still emerging as we learn more about the consequences of the pandemic.

This book is intended as a simple summary of recent findings about COVID-19 for academicians and students from science, humanities and commerce backgrounds to understand the pandemic from a microscopic view and how it has touched our lives at different levels.

A collection of topics is presented and explored through chapters dedicated to niche topics on COVID-19. Each chapter is authored by expert scientists, academicians and scholars from leading institutions in India.

The key features of this book set are:

- Interdisciplinary content, making it useful for readers from different academic streams

- A blend of basic and applied research in biology, medicine and social science

- A focus on findings from India

- Updated References for advanced readers

This collection of topics is invaluable for researchers and working professionals in industry and academia as well as general readers who want a broad, insightful perspective on COVID-19.

Understanding Calculus as a Logical Extension of Arithmetic re-examines the calculus paradigm by expanding the set of ‘indeterminate forms’ espoused by l’Hôpital 320 years ago. Starting from the 54 possible binary combinations of the foundational numbers (zero, one and infinity), a replacement for the function theory formulated earlier by Newton and Leibniz, is presented. A logical extension of the three concepts of differentiation, integration and the Naperian base number e follows this introduction, which is interpreted as ‘zero divided by zero’, ‘infinity times zero’ and ‘one raised to the infinite power’, respectively. The concept that a number postulated as representing ‘nothing’ is reinforced a useful connection to calculus theory. This treatise proposes a ‘similar’ number to denote and quantify ‘all’, in order to understand the concept of infinity. Other topics covered in this text include analytical geometry, infinite sequences and infinite series.

Understanding Calculus as a Logical Extension of Arithmetic is a useful reference on advanced calculus theory for mathematics students and researchers.

Cancer Genes is a comprehensive list of the most critical genes known to contribute to cancer imitation and progression. The book delves into their location on each chromosome, providing valuable insights into the mechanisms of cancer gene dysregulation and genetic mutations which provide cancer cells with an advantage during each stage of tumorigenesis. The reference will familiarize readers with the location of cancer genes and equip them with the necessary information to identify relevant gene expression targets for research aimed at preventing the disease.

The book is divided into two volumes focusing on cancer-causing genes found in chromosome pairs 1-12 (volume 1), and chromosomes 13-23 (volume 2). A key features of the book is a detailed reference list for advanced readers. The compilation is therefore a quick and handy reference on cancer causing genes for researchers, medical professionals, and anyone interested in understanding the genetic basis of cancer.

Cancer Medicine in an Ayurvedic Perspective: A Critical Overview is a quick guide written to assist practitioners and Ayurveda academicians in understanding Ayurvedic views on cancer. This book is divided into nine chapters. It starts with a brief overview of cancer and epigenetics before delving into Ayurvedic approach to cancer etiopathogenesis, prevention and therapy. Concepts such as prakriti, Dincharya, Rutucharya and Yoga are explained alongside cancer screening and herbal medications. Whether you are a student of Ayurveda, working professional in medicine, a caregiver, or a general reader interested in the subject, this quick guide will give you a better understanding of how Ayurvedic medicine can be used to aid cancer patients.

Cancer is a major cause of deaths all around the globe. Although numerous anticancer drugs are available, most of them are expensive and have serious side effects. Natural compounds are usually non-toxic and inexpensive. Many such compounds have been identified and explored for their health benefits for centuries, and several nutritional factors derived from natural products have attracted considerable attention as therapeutic agents for the prevention and treatment of cancer. Based on current available research, this ebook focuses on chemopreventive and anti-cancer activities of different natural/dietary compounds present in fruits, vegetable, spices, legumes, nuts, grains, and cereals. Contributions from authors around the world highlight the potential use of such derivatives against cancer treatment by presenting updated information of their biochemical mechanisms. Information in this book is intended for researchers, clinicians, patients, academicians, industrialists, and students seeking updated and critical information for their experimental plans (including clinical trials). The book also creates awareness among cancer patients, nutritionists and laymen about cost effective therapeutic alternatives available for cancer therapy.

“Capitalist Realism” in Africa: Realities and Myths in Advertising is a multifaceted analysis of the role of advertising in the national development of Nigeria, and by extension, other African Nations. The book examines the unique political, cultural and religious systems that create the context for advertising in African countries and describes the unique historical, social, economic, communication and political context within which the practice of advertising takes place.  Since the end of the Cold War, the several African nations (or "emerging countries") have undertaken concrete efforts to reform their political, social, and economic institutions as they strive to join the global economy and improve the socioeconomic conditions of their citizens. To achieve these goals, administrators have relied on various forms of mass media – including advertising – to promote these reforms and socioeconomic development. Despite some unique challenges and opportunities as well as controversies surrounding the role of advertising in developing economies, advertising literature relevant to African countries remains in a blind spot. “Capitalist Realism” in Africa: Realities and Myths in Advertising bridges this gap by offering an in-depth analysis of advertising in an area of the world that has been largely neglected and provides a ground for generating a discussion about the practice of advertising in an African context.                                        

Cardiac Care and COVID-19: Perspectives in Medical Practice is an accessible reference on diagnoses and treatment modalities for cardiac diseases in general, and emergency cardiac conditions to be more specific, with respect to the current COVID-19 pandemic. Chapters in the book give updated descriptions of common problems in emergency medicine and cardiovascular disease. Each chapter is dedicated to a specific cardiovascular disease and explains management principles, diagnostic procedures and therapy. Examples of medical cases have also been used to highlight complex issues to give a concrete understanding of the cardiac care in COVID-19 patients to the medical practitioner, whether they are involved in critical care or in outpatient clinics.

Key Features:

- Clinical guidelines for critical care and cardiovascular management of COVID-19 patients

- Topic-based information about cardiovascular diseases

- Covers a range of cardiovascular problems including myocarditis, arrhythmias, chest pain, acute coronary syndrome

- Information on pulmonary embolism and associated problems

- Reader friendly presentation

- Case-based examples for explaining concepts

The range of topics combined with the simple presentation make this an essential reference for healthcare workers in emergency medicine, cardiology and nursing. General physicians interested in the cardiovascular impact of COVID-19 will also benefit from the information provided in the book.

Herbal Medicine: Back to the Future compiles expert reviews on the application of herbal medicines (including Ayurveda, Chinese traditional medicines and alternative therapies) to treat different ailments. The book series demonstrates the use of sophisticated methods to understand traditional medicine, while providing readers a glimpse into the future of herbal medicine.

This volume presents reviews of traditional Chinese medicine and other nutritional therapies useful for treating cardiovascular diseases, including:

- cardiovascular benefits of the European Olive and bottle gourd

- a review of the cardiovascular benefits of Naoxintong

- herbal and micronutrient supplements for cardiovascular disease patients

- herbal remedies for atherosclerosis

- cardio-protective alkaloids

This volume is essential reading for all researchers in the field of natural product chemistry and pharmacology. Medical professionals involved in cardiovascular care who seek to improve their knowledge about herbal medicine and alternative therapies will also benefit from the contents of the volume.

This anthology of articles on causal inference and scientific paradigms in epidemiology covers several important topics including the search for causal explanations, the strengths and limitations of causal criteria, quantitative approaches for assessing causal relationships that are relevant to epidemiology and emerging paradigms in epidemiologic research. In order to provide historical context, an overview of philosophical and historical developments relevant to causal inference in epidemiology and public health is also provided. Several theoretical and applied aspects of causal inference are dealt with. The aim of this Ebook is not only to summarize important developments in causal inference in epidemiology but also to identify possible ways to enhance the search for causal explanations for diseases and injuries. Examples are provided from such fields as chronic disease epidemiology, Veterans health, and environmental epidemiology. A particular goal of the Ebook is to provide ideas for strengthening causal inference in epidemiology in the context of refined research paradigms. These topics are important because the results of epidemiologic studies contribute to generalizable knowledge by clarifying the causes of diseases, by combining epidemiologic data with information from other disciplines (for example, psychology and industrial hygiene), by evaluating the consistency of epidemiologic data with etiological hypotheses about causation, and by providing the basis for evaluating procedures for health promotion and prevention and public health practices.

Over the past several decades the incidence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has increased dramatically. The etiology of ASD remains an unsolved puzzle to scientists, physicians, pediatricians, psychiatrists, and pharmacologists. Our E-book will address what is presently known concerning the pathophysiology of ASD from a cellular and molecular perspective. Our explanation is based on the interaction between repetitive systemic immune stimulation with concomitant chronic brain activation of microglia, which leads to overstimulation of glutamate receptors and inflammatory cytokine receptors. Our E-book will explain, for the first time, the effects of immunoexcitotoxicity on the brain development, neurophysiology, and pathology. Our book will not only attempt to explain the finding in ASD, but will offer treatment proposals that address each of these mechanisms. It will also explain how previous, often successful treatment methods, may indeed operate through the immunoexcitotoxic mechanism.

Cerium is the most abundant metal of rare-earth elements. It can be used to make materials such as phosphors and alloys, that have applications in various applied fields (like electronics, magnetics and heterogeneous catalysis) and devices (like catalytic converters and gas mantles). Cerium-Based Materials: Synthesis, Properties and Applications presents detailed knowledge about cerium materials. Starting with the history of cerium-based materials, it gives an introduction to the synthesis of chemicals like cerium oxides and composites. This is followed by information about characterization of cerium nanoparticles and industrial applications of cerium-based materials, with a focus on catalysis, biomedical engineering and pharmaceutical chemistry. This book is an essential reference for researchers and chemical engineers who want a summary of cerium materials and its applications.

Ever since some stars were found to pulsate in the early 20th century, stellar pulsation has been a major topic in astronomy and astrophysics. The huge amount of data recently available from observational surveys, new discoveries from space missions and studies of pulsating stars in low-metallicity environments have opened new perspectives and challenges. Nevertheless, progress in finding the holy grail of stellar pulsation – the use of pulsation to study stellar interiors (asteroseismology) – has been slow. The realization that a problem exists with the current stellar opacities is a major setback. CURRENT CHALLENGES IN STELLAR PULSATION describes the search for solutions to these problems over the last few years. It summarizes recent research in all fields of stellar pulsation, providing valuable guidelines to both students and researchers in the field.

Age-related degeneration may be reduced or even eliminated, by positively challenging the human being, physically or cognitively, to up-regulate somatic repair functions. Exposure to meaningful information and a challenging environment act as hormetic stressors which, in the context of an increasingly technological setting, may invoke evolutionary mechanisms that lead to a persistent maintenance of homeostasis. Thus, there is a strong link between environmental factors and ongoing health, leading to an individual’s ability to continually adapt to age related challenges.

Challenging Ageing: The Anti-senescence Effects of Hormesis, Environmental Enrichment, and Information Exposure explains the role of hormesis in anti-aging processes followed by information on vitagenes, epigenetics, environmental enrichment and germlines. The monograph also brings newer concepts and theories to the fore, such as ‘environmental enrichment’ and ‘technoculture.’ Medical professionals and general readers, alike, will gain a a new perspective on the processes that counter aging processes in the human being.

This research book compiles concise reviews on business trends that drive innovation and competitive advantages. The book includes 15 referenced chapters covering topics in advertising, agriculture, digital marketing, human resource management, healthcare and sustainability. Chapters focus on the use of disruptive technologies such as virtual reality, artificial intelligence and Internet of Things that harness the power of big data and visualizations to provide a framework for insightful analytics. Readers will be able to understand the practical applications and implications of these technologies so that they can apply them to their businesses. Special topics of interest are highlighted, including industry 4.0, women empowerment for industry 5.0, sustainability models for achieving UN SDG 9, over the top media platforms, and more.

This interdisciplinary reference work presents a linked consideration, to the reader, of physical-

cultural (physicocultural) representations of headstones located in urban churchyards in England and Scotland. The geomorphology of landscapes relevant to these locations is explained with the help of detailed case studies from Oxford and Edinburgh. The integrated physicocultural approach addresses the conservation of the archaeological record and presents a cross-temporal perspective of landscape change – of the headstones as landforms in their landscape (as part of deathscapes). The physical record (of headstones) is examined in the context of both cultural representation and change. In this way, an integrated approach is employed that connects the physical (natural) and cultural (social) records kept by historians and archeologists over the years.

Changing Landscapes in Urban British Churchyards is of interest to geomorphologists, historians and scholars interested in understanding landscaping studies and cultural nuance of specific historical urban sites in England and Scotland.

Chemical Fingerprints of Medicinal Plant- HPTLC Profiling gives an overview of the use of high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) for profiling medicinal herbs. Starting with an introduction to HPTLC the book guides the reader through HPTLC instrumentation and laboratory application. Additional notes on the stationary HPTLC phases and hyphenating HTPLC with other analytical techniques are also provided. The book concludes with an exhaustive list of HPTLC fingerprints of many herbs that can be used in medicinal preparations. The book outlines a scientific approach to the identification and selection of herbs for preparing traditional medications. By reading this book, learners will be able to 1) understand the basics of HPTLC, 2) learn how to use the instruments for lab analysis and 3) quickly identify chemical fingerprints of important medicinal herbs.

Key Features

- A concise overview of HPTLC and associated techniques

- A Step-by-step guide to performing HPTLC analysis

- Full color illustrations

- An exhaustive list of HPTLC fingerprints for 108 medicinal plants, with botanical names

- An appendix of TLC solvent systems and reagents for different phytochemical compounds and secondary metabolites

- Simple language for easy understanding

- Detailed bibliography

Chemical Fingerprints of Medicinal Plant- HPTLC Profiling is an essential handbook for scholars in analytical chemistry, plant science and traditional medicine who want to understand the application of HPTLC techniques for research and development in phytomedicine.

Since the Tokyo Sarin Subway Attack, the threat of chemical warfare agents has migrated from the battlefield to become a major concern for homeland security in the 21th century. While current fielded antidotes are able to mitigate acute high mortality arising from exposure to nerve agents, achieving effective neuroprotection in subjects with nerve agent induced prolonged seizures or status epilepticus is currently lacking. To overcome this challenge, establishing an improved understanding on the mechanism linking seizure onset during chemical (including nerve agents) poisoning to the subsequent cascade of biochemical, neurotoxicological, pathophysiological, genomic and behavioral changes post exposure is vital. Due to ethical, safety and chemical surety related issues, looking for surrogate chemicals has also become important for chemical defense research. In this book, internationally well-known clinicians and basic research scientists with expertise on chemical-induced seizures will update readers on the relevant areas. Doctors (civil and military), paramedics and medical students will find this book informative and timely for the current battle against asymmetric terrorist conflicts.

This eBook presents a comprehensive review on the chemical composition of natural products derived from honeybee farming. These products include honey, pollen and propolis. Each chapter details specific products and the contents are complemented with an explanation of distinct analytical techniques for studying these products. Readers will also find a summary of current information about biological properties and applications of honey, pollen and propolis, which contribute to added value to these bee and plant-derived products. The eBook is a handy reference for students, researchers and laymen studying the biochemical aspects of apiculture.

Chiral Ionic Liquids: Applications in Chemistry and Technology provide an in-depth exploration of the synthesis, design, and diverse applications of chiral ionic liquids (CILs) in modern chemistry. This comprehensive book covers fundamental concepts such as ionic liquids' structural organization and chirality, while also discussing advanced topics like enantiomeric separations, organocatalysis, and chiral recognition. Through ten detailed chapters, the book addresses carbohydrate-based CILs, CILs from amino acids and terpenoids, and their roles in capillary electrophoresis, chromatography, and spectroscopic techniques. This resource is valuable for researchers and industry professionals working in organic synthesis, materials science, and applied chemistry.

Key Features:

- Covers basic concepts of ionic liquids and chirality

- Includes detailed methodologies for synthesizing CILs

- Explores CILs in enantiomeric separations and organocatalysis

- Discusses chiral recognition using spectroscopy and chromatography

- Provides insights into CIL-based biphasic systems and supported ionic liquids

The incidence of multiple chronic diseases affecting a single individual is common among elderly patients. This incidence is believed to be associated with a decline in many health outcomes, including quality of life, mobility, functional ability, increased frequency of hospitalizations, psychological distress, mortality and the use of health care resources. Health in elderly patients can fluctuate significantly, thus prompting the need for proper integration of comprehensive geriatric care. An increasing amount of data gained from research programs is making it clear that a geriatric assessment identifies many problems in older people with chronic diseases, adds prognostic information, and might improve the outcomes of these patients. This volume reviews research on the value of geriatric programs in different subspecialties of internal medicine. Chapters of this book cover different chronic diseases (coronary artery disease, kidney disease, diabetes, osteoporosis etc.) separately and present new findings in these areas. Readers – both medical students and researchers – will find the book an essential for understanding requirements and nuances of specialized geriatric programs in the healthcare sector.

This unique textbook presents a novel, axiomatic pedagogical path from classical to quantum physics. Readers are introduced to the description of classical mechanics, which rests on Euler’s and Helmholtz’s rather than Newton’s or Hamilton’s representations. Special attention is given to the common attributes rather than to the differences between classical and quantum mechanics. Readers will also learn about Schrödinger’s forgotten demands on quantization, his equation, Einstein’s idea of ‘quantization as selection problem’. The Schrödinger equation is derived without any assumptions about the nature of quantum systems, such as interference and superposition, or the existence of a quantum of action, h. The use of the classical expressions for the potential and kinetic energies within quantum physics is justified.

Key features:· Presents extensive reference to original texts.

· Includes many details that do not enter contemporary representations of classical mechanics, although these details are essential for understanding quantum physics.

· Contains a simple level of mathematics which is seldom higher than that of the common (Riemannian) integral.

· Brings information about important scientists

· Carefully introduces basic equations, notations and quantities in simple steps

This book addresses the needs of physics students, teachers and historians with its simple easy to understand presentation and comprehensive approach to both classical and quantum mechanics..