Bentham Science Publishers

Researchers involved in product development are expected to create a final product which is market ready. For products developed through a partnership between universities and commercial organizations, the technology transfer process is a fundamental bringing the final product into the market. One aspect of this process is the concept of intellectual property – the right of ownership to innovative ideas that drive product development. Ideas, being intangible, are distinct from products and these can be patented to control their commercial usage.

This manual is a primer on intellectual property regulation and technology transfer between university and industrial organizations. This book is concise reference for students, researchers, professors and anyone who is creating or developing products and learning the basics of the technology transfer process. The book also serves as a resource for technicians who want to learn more about how ideas are commercialized and protected in markets.

Intelligent Computational Systems presents current and future developments in intelligent computational systems in a multi-disciplinary context. Readers will learn about the pervasive and ubiquitous roles of artificial intelligence (AI) and gain a perspective about the need for intelligent systems to behave rationally when interacting with humans in complex and realistic domains.

This reference covers widespread applications of AI discussed in 11 chapters which cover topics such as AI and behavioral simulations, AI schools, automated negotiation, language analysis and learning, financial prediction, sensor management, Multi-agent systems, and much more.

This reference work is will assist researchers, advanced-level students and practitioners in information technology and computer science fields interested in the broad applications of AI.

Intelligent Systems for IoE Based Smart Cities provides simplified information about complexities of cyber physical systems, the Internet of Everything (IoE) and smart city infrastructure. It presents 11 edited chapters that reveal how intelligent systems and IoE are driving the evolution of smart cities, making them more efficient, interconnected, and responsive to the needs of citizens.

The book content represents comprehensive exploration of the transformative potential and challenges of IoE-based smart cities, fueled by Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) innovations.

Key Topics:

Physical layer design considerations that underpin smart city infrastructure

Enabling technologies for intelligent systems within the context of smart computing environments

Smart sensors and actuators, their applications, challenges, and future trends in IoE-based smart cities

Applications, enabling technologies, challenges, and future trends of IoE for smart cities.

The integration of Artificial Intelligence, Natural Language Processing, and smart cities for enhanced urban experiences

machine learning-based intrusion detection techniques for countering attacks on the Internet of Vehicles

Smartphone-based indoor positioning applications using trilateration and the role of sensors in IoT ecosystems

IoT, blockchain, and cloud-based technology for secure frameworks and data analytics

Blockchain and smart contracts in shaping the future of smart cities.

This is a timely reference for researchers, professionals, and students interested in the convergence of IoT, intelligent systems and urban studies into smart city planning and design.

This volume explores diverse applications for automated machine learning and predictive analytics. The content provides use cases for machine learning in different industries such as healthcare, agriculture, cybersecurity, computing and transportation.

Key highlights of this volume include topics on engineering for underwater navigation, and computer vision for healthcare and biometric applications.

Chapters 1-4 delve into innovative signal detection, biometric authentication, underwater AUV localization, and COVID-19 face mask detection. Chapters 5-9 focus on wireless pH sensing, differential pattern identification, economic considerations in off-grid hybrid power, high optimization of image transmission, and ANN-based IoT-bot traffic detection. Chapters 10-12 cover mixed-signal VLSI design, pre-placement 3D floor planning, and bio-mimic robotic fish. Finally, Chapters 13 and 14 explore underwater robotic fish and IoT-based automatic irrigation systems, providing a comprehensive overview of cutting-edge technological advancements.

The book is a resource for academics, researchers, educators and professionals in the technology sector who want to learn about current trends in intelligent technologies.

Interest Rate Modeling for Risk Management introduces a theoretical framework - the ‘real-world’ model - that allows us to estimate the market price of interest rate risk based on practical and real life situations. The model can be briefly summarized as a process of estimating the market prices of risk through discretization of forward rates with a ‘space-state setup’ whilst considering historical data trends. The book starts with a brief explanation of interest rate stochastic analysis fundamentals before delving into standard models such as Heath-Jarrow-Morton, Hull-White and LIBOR models. The real-world model is then explained in subsequent chapters while applying different frameworks. Additionally, the book also explains some properties of the real-world model, along with the negative price tendency of the market price for risk and a positive market price for risk (with an example of this actually occurring). Readers will also find a handy appendix with proofs to complement the numerical methods explained in the book.

This book is intended as a primer for practitioners in financial institutions involved in interest rate risk management. It also presents a new perspective for researchers and graduates in econometrics and finance on the study of interest rate models.

International Journal of Sensors, Wireless Communications and Control publishes timely research articles, full-length/ mini reviews and communications on these three strongly related areas, with emphasis on networked control systems whose sensors are interconnected via wireless communication networks.

The emergence of high speed wireless network technologies allows a cluster of devices to be linked together economically to form a distributed system. Wireless communication is playing an increasingly important role in such distributed systems. Transmitting sensor measurements and control commands over wireless links allows rapid deployment, flexible installation, fully mobile operation and prevents the cable wear and tear problem in industrial automation, healthcare and environmental assessment. Wireless networked systems has raised and continues to raise fundamental challenges in the fields of science, engineering and industrial applications, hence, more new modelling techniques, problem formulations and solutions are required.

International Journal of Sensors, Wireless Communications and Control is an international, peer-reviewed journal on wireless communication networks, published quarterly (print & online) by Bentham Science Publishers.

With the explosion of video and image data available on the Internet, desktops and mobile devices, multimedia search has gained immense importance. Moreover, mining semantics and other useful information from large-scale multimedia data to facilitate online and local multimedia content analysis, search, and other related applications has also gained an increasing attention from the academia and industry. The rapid increase of multimedia data has brought new challenges to multimedia content analysis and multimedia retrieval, especially in terms of scalability. While on the other hand, large-scale multimedia data has also provided new opportunities to address these challenges and other conventional problems in multimedia analysis. The massive associated metadata, context and social information available on the Internet, desktops and mobile devices, and the large number of grassroots users, are a valuable resource that could be leveraged to solve the these difficulties. This is the first reference book on the subject of internet multimedia search and mining and it will be extremely useful for graduates, researchers and working professionals in the field of information technology and multimedia content analysis.

Introduction to Advanced Soft Robotics is an introductory textbook on soft body robotics. The content is designed to enable readers to better understand soft body robotics. Starting with an introduction to the subject, contents explain fundamental concepts such as perception and sensing, fabrication techniques and material design. These introductory chapters demonstrate the design concept and related design structures of soft robots from multiple perspectives, which can provide considerable design references for robotics learners and enthusiasts. Next, the book explains modeling and control for soft robotics and the applications. Key features of this book include easy-to-understand language and format, simple illustrations and a balanced overview of the subject (including a section on challenges and future prospects for soft robotics), and scientific references.

Introduction to Computer Data Representation introduces readers to the representation of data within computers. Starting from basic principles of number representation in computers, the book covers the representation of both integer and floating point numbers, and characters or text. It comprehensively explains the main techniques of computer arithmetic and logical manipulation. The book also features chapters covering the less usual topics of basic checksums and ‘universal’ or variable length representations for integers, with additional coverage of Gray Codes, BCD codes and logarithmic representations. The description of character coding includes information on both MIME and Unicode formats. Introduction to Computer Data Representation also includes historical aspects of data representation, explaining some of the steps that developers took (and the mistakes they made) that led to the present, well-defined and accepted standards of data representation techniques. The book serves as a primer for advanced computer science graduates and a handy reference for anyone wanting to learn about numbers and data representation in computers.

Machine learning is a subfield of artificial intelligence, broadly defined as a machine's capability to imitate intelligent human behavior. Like humans, machines become capable of making intelligent decisions by learning from their past experiences. Machine learning is being employed in many applications, including fraud detection and prevention, self-driving cars, recommendation systems, facial recognition technology, and intelligent computing. This book helps beginners learn the art and science of machine learning. It presens real-world examples that leverage the popular Python machine learning ecosystem,

The topics covered in this book include machine learning basics: supervised and unsupervised learning, linear regression and logistic regression, Support Vector Machines (SVMs). It also delves into special topics such as neural networks, theory of generalisation, and bias and fairness in machine learning. After reading this book, computer science and engineering students - at college and university levels - will receive a complete understanding of machine learning fundamentals and will be able to implement neural network solutions in information systems, and also extend them to their advantage.

The definition of occupational health hazards is constantly changing over time as technology advances and as the awareness of work place safety issues continues to grow. Introduction to Occupational Health Hazards focuses on work-related hazards which have evolved with the advent of more recent professions. The book introduces readers to the basic concept of occupational hazards. From this starting point, readers are introduced to the types of medical disorders that can occur as a result of occupational hazards, such as cancer and neurological disorders. The next section explains health hazards to medical and laboratory staff. The book concludes with a chapter that explains mental health issues (stress and psychosocial factors) that are related to occupational health – which is a recent addition to the spectrum of health risks in the working environment. As a handbook, the book provides information about occupational health risks for science and medical students along with professionals working in the health care and laboratory industries, respectively.

How do neurons work in processes that guide thought and action? This eBook answers this question by presenting an accurate analysis of all the physico-chemical phenomena occurring between interconnected neurons. Once researchers have this information, they can then build a functional catalog of neurons and understand the working behind the simplest physiological elements and these can hopefully be replicated into devices. Microscopic and macroscopic experimental results can assist in the study of sensorial analysis, instincts and motor control of skeletal muscles. The book also presents a description of memory at the cellular level and gives insights about the learning process in living systems. Such research has increased our understanding of the mechanisms of animal behaviors from the honeybee to the dog. In human beings, the efficiency of the same neural mechanisms overtakes a threshold when language allows building new abstract signals from previous abstract signals. Introduction to the Neural Basis of Action and Thought demonstrates to readers how physiological processes allow us to recall words and generate sentences and how these processes support abstract thought, action and self awareness. This book is a useful primer for anyone interested in cognitive sciences and related research.

This textbook is a primer for students on statistics. It covers basic statistical operations, an introduction to probability, distributions and regression. The book is divided into a series of 10 chapters covering a basic introduction to common topics for beginners. The goal of the book is to provide a sufficient understanding of how to organize and summarize datasets through descriptive and inferential statistics for good decision-making. A chapter on ethics also informs readers about best practices for using statistics in research and analysis. Topics covered: 1. Introduction to Statistics 2. Summarizing and Graphing 3. Basic Concepts of Probability 4. Discrete Random Variables 5. Continuous Random Variables 6. Sampling Distributions 7. Estimation 8. Hypothesis Testing 9. Correlation and Regression 10. Ethics

Ion Implantation and Activation presents the derivation process of related models in a comprehensive step by step manner starting from the fundamental processes and moving up into the more advanced theories.

Ion implantation can be expressed theoretically as a binary collision, and, experimentally using various mathematical functions. Readers can understand how to establish an ion implantation database by combining theory and experimental data. The models described in this ebook can be directly related to practical experimental data with various approaches: physical, empirical or experimental. Readers can also understand the approximations, and assumptions to reach these models. The redistribution and activation of implanted impurities during subsequent thermal processes are also important subjects and they are described in a broad manner with the combination of theory and experiment, even though many of the models are not well established. Chapters in the book explain, in depth, various topics such as Pearson functions, LSS theory, Monte Carlo simulations, Edgeworth Polynomials and much more.

This book provides advanced engineering and physics students and researchers with complete and coherent coverage of modern semiconductor process modeling. Readers can also benefit from this volume by acquiring the necessary information to improve contemporary process models by themselves.

Ion Implantation and Activation presents the derivation process of related models in a comprehensive step by step manner starting from the fundamental processes and moving up into the more advanced theories.

Ion implantation can be expressed theoretically as a binary collision, and, experimentally using various mathematical functions. Readers can understand how to establish an ion implantation database by combining theory and experimental data. The models described in this ebook can be directly related to practical experimental data with various approaches: physical, empirical or experimental. Readers can also understand the approximations, and assumptions to reach these models. The redistribution and activation of implanted impurities during subsequent thermal processes are also important subjects and they are described in a broad manner with the combination of theory and experiment, even though many of the models are not well established. Chapters in the book explain, in depth, various topics such as Pearson functions, LSS theory, Monte Carlo simulations, Edgeworth Polynomials and much more.

This book provides advanced engineering and physics students and researchers with complete and coherent coverage of modern semiconductor process modeling. Readers can also benefit from this volume by acquiring the necessary information to improve contemporary process models by themselves.

Ionic Liquids: Eco-friendly Substitutes for Surface and Interface Applications explores the growing interest in utilizing ionic liquids as sustainable alternatives for various industrial and biological applications. With their unique properties and environmentally friendly nature, ionic liquids have emerged as promising substitutes for toxic and volatile solvents, offering significant advantages in surface and interface chemistry.

This book is divided into two parts: Part 1 covers the basics of ionic liquids, their surface/interface properties, and interactions with metallic surfaces. Part 2 focuses on the wide range of surface and interface applications of ionic liquids, including wastewater treatment, corrosion protection, catalysis, separation processes, medical devices, and sensing applications.

Key Features:

A complete book fully dedicated to the surface and interface chemistry of ionic liquids with seventeen chapters

Covers fundamentals, recent progress, and applications in surface/interface chemistry

Presents up-to-date research and interdisciplinary insights

Includes relevant references and resources for further exploration

This is a valuable reference for scientists and engineers who want to learn about ionic liquids' chemistry and applications

The story of the unidentified serial killer in London's Whitechapel district - known as Jack The Ripper – has been the subject of interest to researchers for over 120 years. The name ascribed to the individual was from a letter sent to the Central News Agency in London on 27 September 1888. Initially thought to be a hoax, the letter gained much publicity when the writer's promise of clipping a lady's ears off manifested after the discovery of the body of Catherine Eddowes with an ear lobe severed, 3 days after the letter was received. Several letters followed this and borrowed elements from the earlier correspondences. Jack the Writer: A Verbal & Visual Analysis of the Ripper Correspondence is a different approach to the subject of 'Ripperology'. In this book, the author, Dirk Gibson, provides a quantitative content analysis of the letters. Gibson first grounds this study of the Jack the Ripper letters in an analysis of the legitimacy of the documents. The dialectic method is used to carefully consider the authenticity of these letters. The largest extant collection of Jack the Ripper letters is provided in this book, approximately 250 in number.

The most significant part of this book is a trio of content analyses quantifying the themes, subjects, people and linguistic mannerisms mentioned in the Ripper letters; the analyses describe precisely what was and was not in these missives. The letters are described and presented in the context of their content, with the valid letters presented in chronological order. Jack the Writer: A Verbal & Visual Analysis of the Ripper Correspondence will give readers, whether generally interested in the ripper correspondence or undertaking courses in criminology or abnormal psychology, a glimpse of the cultural context of a serial murderer's communication with the public and the press in Victorian times.

• Computing with Words and Granular Computing
• Extensions of fuzzy sets: intuitionistic fuzzy sets, hesitant fuzzy sets, neutrosophic sets, spherical fuzzy sets.
• Fuzzy Clustering
• Fuzzy Control
• Fuzzy Data Analysis, Fuzzy Clustering, Classification and Pattern Recognition
• Fuzzy Database
• Fuzzy Decision Making and Decision Support Systems
• Fuzzy Expert System
• Fuzzy Logic Systems
• Fuzzy Logic Techniques and Algorithms
• Fuzzy Mathematical Programming
• Fuzzy Mathematics
• Fuzzy Measure and integral
• Fuzzy Neural Systems, Neuro-Fuzzy Systems
• Fuzzy Pattern Recognition
• Fuzzy Process Control
• Fuzzy Reasoning System
• Fuzzy Sets in Bioinformatics
• Fuzzy System Applications in Computer Vision
• Fuzzy System Applications in E-commerce
• Fuzzy System Applications in Human-Machine Interface
• Fuzzy System Applications in Robotics, Sensors, Fuzzy Hardware and Architectures
• Fuzzy System in Multimedia and Web-Based Applications
• Fuzzy Systems Design and Optimization
• Fuzzy Systems Modeling and Identification
• Fuzzy Systems with Big Data and Cloud Computing, Fuzzy Analytics and Visualization
• Fuzzy-Rule Based System
• Hybrid Fuzzy Systems (fuzzy-neuro-evolutionary-rough)
• Possibility Theory and Imprecise Probabilit

• Preparation and characterization of new photocatalyst.
• Photocatalytic elimination of environmental pollutants in liquid or gas phase.
• Self-cleaning materials.
• Thin films.
• Photocatalytic syntheses of valuable products.
• Photocatalytic hydrogen generation and CO2 reduction.
• Kinetics and mechanistic aspects of photocatalytic reactions.
• Combination of photocatalysis with other technologies, such as membrane technologies and photoelectrocatalysis.
• Engineering aspects of photocatalytic processes.
• Homogeneous photocatalysis.
• Theory, modelling and computational aspects regarding the mechanisms of activation of photocatalysis.

Genome science or genomics is essential to advancing knowledge in the fields of biology and medicine. Specifically, researchers learn about the molecular biology behind genetic expression in living organisms and related methods of treating human genetic diseases (including gene therapy). Advances in Genome Science is an e-book series which provides a multi-disciplinary view of some of the latest developments in genome research, allowing readers to capture the essence and diversity of genomics in contemporary science.

The third volume of this ebook series features a variety of articles exploring oncogenomics, mouse genetics, feline genetics, genetic mechanism for pain, the genetics of weeds and much more.

This book provides an update on heterocyclic compounds that serve as key components of anti-cancer agents administered in pre-clinical settings. Many of the compounds highlighted in the book are being actively investigated for the bioactive properties against a range of cancer cell lines. There is potential for heterocyclic compounds to design agents that can target specific molecules to treat different types of cancers. Chapters are contributed by experts in pharmaceutical chemistry and are written to give a general overview of the topic to readers involved in all levels of research and decision-making in pharmaceutical chemistry and anti-cancer drug design.

Part II of the book set covers these topics:

- Anticancer targets for heterocyclic lead compounds

- Coumarin hybrids for cancer treatments - Progress in nitrogen and sulphur-based heterocyclic compounds for their anticancer activity

- Imidazole as an anticancer heterocyclic ring - Morpholine for profiling anticancer lead compounds

- Natural products as anticancer agents

Kidney transplantation is worldwide considered the best replacement therapy in patients with end-stage renal disease. However, although impressive improvements in surgical techniques and in the management of immunosuppression, long-term results have not significantly changed over the last decades.

The purpose of this book is not to be a comprehensive review on kidney transplantation, but it would overview the recent acquisitions in the field of kidney transplantation, by offering to clinicians the future directions and the possible fields of research to improve the long term outcome.

The book is divided into 27 chapters. The first part of the book is devoted to the basic principles of immunity and organ transplantation and the clinical evaluation of potential recipient. Moreover, in this section are discussed the most recent strategies to increase the donor pool trying to offer a kidney transplantation to a growing number of patients. The second part of the book is devoted to the immunosuppression. In these two chapters, the authors present an overview on the immunosuppressive management of kidney transplant recipients, with particular emphasis on the minimization of immunosuppression. The third part of the book is devoted to the complications of immunosuppression and to the psychological aspects of transplantation. This section is particularly detailed, and offers a complete point of view on the consequences and benefits of kidney transplantation. Last section is devoted to the future. The clinical tolerance and xenotransplantation are not still the present, but the authors illustrate the fields of application of these fundamental aspects of organ transplantation.

The authors and editors have tried to select an appropriate mix of citations, but it has not been possible to cite all the relevant articles. Apologies are due to those authors whose works we have failed to cite.

Our goal was to provide the most recent acquisitions in a practical manner. We hope that we have succeeded.

Special thanks to all the authors for their excellent and enthusiastic collaboration and special thanks to our patients to whom are dedicated all our efforts.

The phenomenon of resistance to motion through a fluid is believed to be a function of fluid-wall interaction. This theory is based on the assumption that under certain conditions a real fluid does not usually slip on the wall in contact with it and displays laminar flow. This set of conditions is known as a ‘no slip boundary condition’. But if a fluid is passed alongside a wall, the drag reduction in the laminar flow region can be calculated. In Laminar Drag Reduction, the frictional drag of an internal or an external fluid flow along a certain kind of hydrophobic wall is investigated. An analytic approach towards the mechanism of drag reduction is employed using Navier-Stokes existence and smoothness equations. The experimental results presented in this book show that frictional drag of a fluid alongside this hydrophobic wall decreases in comparison with fluid flow along a conventional wall or surface.

This form of laminar drag reduction represents a relatively new area of research, where the laminar flow can be controlled by microscopic surface modifications, allowing fluid flows to slip over a wall. Laminar Drag Reduction brings information about some interesting phenomena related to fluid slippage on a highly water-repellent surface. Readers, physics graduates and senior researchers alike, can benefit from the information presented in this book to tackle more challenging questions in fluid mechanics research.

This monograph is a collection of reviews that presents results obtained from new and somewhat unconventional methods used to fight multiple drug resistance (MDR) acquired by microorganisms and tumours. Two directions are considered: (i) the modification of non-antibiotic medicines by exposure to un-coherent, or laser optical radiation to obtain photoproducts that receive bactericidal or, possibly, tumouricidal properties and (ii) the development of new vectors (micrometric droplets of solutions containing medicinal agents) to transport medicines to targets based on optical and micro spectroscopic methods.

Chapters shed light on pendant droplets used for antibiotic drug delivery, the science of lasers and their interactions with fluids in pendant droplets and spectroscopic analyses of droplets used to treat MDR infections. It therefore equips researchers and medical professionals with information about tools that enable them to respond to medical emergencies in challenging environments.

The intended readership for this monograph includes graduate students, medical doctors, fluid physicists, biologists, photochemists, and experts in drug delivery methods employed in extreme conditions (such as those found in outer space and hypergravity conditions) who are learning about using techniques such as laser spectroscopy, biophotonics and optofluidics/microfluidics.