Bentham Science Publishers

Multiphase flow and heat transfer have found a wide range of applications in several engineering and science fields such as mechanical engineering, chemical and petrochemical engineering, nuclear engineering, energy engineering, material engineering, ocean engineering, mineral engineering, electronics and micro-electronics engineering, information technology, space technology, micro- and nano-technologies, biomedical and life sciences. This E-book series presents state-of-the-art review and research topics in all aspects of multiphase flow and heat transfer, which are contributed by renowned scientists and researchers. The topics include multiphase transport phenomena including gas-liquid, liquid-solid, gas-solid and gas-liquid-solid flows, phase change processes, nuclear thermal hydraulics, fluidization, mass transfer, bubble and drop dynamics, particle flow interactions, cavitation phenomena, numerical methods, experimental techniques, multiphase flow equipment, combustion processes, environmental protection and pollution control, phase change materials and their applications, macro-scale and micro-scale transport phenomena, nano-fluidics, micro-gravity multiphase flow and heat transfer, energy engineering, renewable energy, electronic chips cooling, data center cooling, fuel cells, multiphase flow and heat transfer in biomedical engineering and science. The E-book series presents recent advances in both conventional research and interdisciplinary research. This E-book series should prove to be invaluable for scientists and researchers interested in multiphase flows.

Multiphase flow and heat transfer have found a wide range of applications in several engineering and science fields such as mechanical engineering, chemical and petrochemical engineering, nuclear engineering, energy engineering, material engineering, ocean engineering, mineral engineering, electronics and micro-electronics engineering, information technology, space technology, micro- and nano-technologies, biomedical and life sciences. This E-book series presents state-of-the-art review and research topics in all aspects of multiphase flow and heat transfer, which are contributed by renowned scientists and researchers. The topics include multiphase transport phenomena including gas-liquid, liquid-solid, gas-solid and gas-liquid-solid flows, phase change processes, nuclear thermal hydraulics, fluidization, mass transfer, bubble and drop dynamics, particle flow interactions, cavitation phenomena, numerical methods, experimental techniques, multiphase flow equipment, combustion processes, environmental protection and pollution control, phase change materials and their applications, macro-scale and micro-scale transport phenomena, nano-fluidics, micro-gravity multiphase flow and heat transfer, energy engineering, renewable energy, electronic chips cooling, data center cooling, fuel cells, multiphase flow and heat transfer in biomedical engineering and science. The E-book series presents recent advances in both conventional research and interdisciplinary research. This E-book series should prove to be invaluable for scientists and researchers interested in multiphase flows.

Advances in Organic Synthesis is a book series devoted to the latest advances in synthetic approaches towards challenging structures. It presents comprehensive articles written by eminent authorities on different synthetic approaches to selected target molecules and new methods developed to achieve specific synthetic transformations. Contributions are written by eminent scientists and each volume is edited by an authority in the field. Advances in Organic Synthesis is essential for all organic chemists in the academia and industry who wish to keep abreast of rapid and important developments in the field.

Advances in Organic Synthesis is a book series devoted to the latest advances in synthetic approaches towards challenging structures. The series presents comprehensive reviews written by eminent authorities on different synthetic approaches to selected target molecules and new methods developed to achieve specific synthetic transformations or optimal product yields. Advances in Organic Synthesis is essential for all organic chemists in academia and the industry who wish to keep abreast of rapid and important developments in the field.

This volume presents the following reviews:

o Recent Progress on Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral Flavanones, Chromanones, and Chromenes

o Supramolecular Chemistry of Modified Amino Acids and Short Peptides

o The Use of Nanocatalysts in the Synthesis of Heterocycles: A Contemporary Approach

o Synthesis and Applications of 1,2,3-Triazoles

o Ring C–H Functionalization of Aromatic N-Oxides

Advances in Organic Synthesis is a book series devoted to the latest advances in synthetic approaches towards challenging structures. The series presents comprehensive reviews written by eminent authorities on different synthetic approaches to selected target molecules and new methods developed to achieve specific synthetic transformations or optimal product yields. Advances in Organic Synthesis is essential for all organic chemists in academia and the industry who wish to keep abreast of rapid and important developments in the field.

This volume presents the following reviews:

Electroluminescent polymers - a review on synthesis from organic compounds

Remarkable advances in the asymmetric synthesis of biologically active natural compounds from the advent of chiral auxiliaries

The chemistry of ynamides and their application in organic synthesis

Carbon-heteroatom bond formation for medium ring heterocycles

Tin(ii) salts: versatile and efficient lewis acid catalysts in reactions to add value to the glycerol and terpenic alcohols

(E)-n-methyl-1-(methylthio)-2-nitroethenamine (nmsm) as a versatile ambiphilic synthon in organic synthesis

Advances in Organic Synthesis is a book series devoted to the latest advances in synthetic approaches towards challenging structures. The series presents comprehensive reviews written by eminent authorities on different synthetic approaches to selected target molecules and new methods developed to achieve specific synthetic transformations or optimal product yields. Advances in Organic Synthesis is essential for all organic chemists in academia and the industry who wish to keep abreast of rapid and important developments in the field.

Contents of this volume include:

- Metal-Free and Acid-Free Activation of Carbonyl Moiety Using Molecular Halogens or N-Halamines

- Anti-algal Study on Polymeric Coating Containing Metal-Metal Oxide Core-shell Nanoparticles

- Functionalized Catalyst for Efficient Nucleophilic and Electrophilic Fluorination

- Synthesis and Applications of Small Fluorescent Molecules

- Recent Achievements in the Synthesis of Aromatic Five-Membered Heterocycles Containing One Heteroatom

- Basic Ionic Liquid Catalyzed Cycloaddition Reactions for the Synthesis of 1, 2, 3-Triazoles

Advances in Organic Synthesis is a book series devoted to the latest advances in synthetic approaches towards challenging structures. The series presents comprehensive reviews written by eminent authorities on different synthetic approaches to selected target molecules and new methods developed to achieve specific synthetic transformations or optimal product yields. Advances in Organic Synthesis is essential for all organic chemists in academia and the industry who wish to keep abreast of rapid and important developments in the field.

Contents of this volume include these 6 reviews:

- Multicomponent synthesis of heterocycles by microwave irradiation

- Stereoselective procedures for the synthesis of olefines

- Advanced microwave assisted organic synthesis method in organic chemistry

- Five and six-membered n-heterocycle rings from diaminomaleonitrile

- Peptidomimetics: current and future perspectives on hiv protease inhibitors

- A review on synthesis, chemistry, and medicinal properties of benzothiazines and their related scaffolds

The volume focuses on recent advances in organofluorine chemistry directed towards selective fluorine introduction into various target molecules, employing both traditional and contemporary, electrophilic and nucleophilic, fluorinating agents. It brings together sixteen chapters written by leading experts and active researchers in the field. It is an excellent source of information for synthetic chemists interested in selective fluorination methods and fluorinated building blocks. "Advances in Organic Synthesis" is a book series devoted to publishing the latest and the most important advances in organic synthesis. Contributions are written by eminent scientists and each volume is devoted to major advances in organic synthesis. Each volume, being which is topic specific, is edited by an authority in the field. Chapters are written by eminent subject specialists so that the readers may obtain a broad overview of the current developments. "Advances in Organic Synthesis" is essential for all organic chemists in the academia and industry who wish to keep abreast of the rapid and important developments in the field.

Advances in Organic Synthesis is a book series devoted to the latest advances in synthetic approaches towards challenging structures. It presents comprehensive articles written by eminent authorities on different synthetic approaches to selected target molecules and new methods developed to achieve specific synthetic transformations. Contributions are written by eminent scientists and each volume is edited by an authority in the field. Advances in Organic Synthesis is essential for all organic chemists in the academia and industry who wish to keep abreast of rapid and important developments in the field.

Advances in Organic Synthesis is a book series devoted to the latest advances in synthetic approaches towards challenging structures. It presents comprehensive articles written by eminent authorities on different synthetic approaches to selected target molecules and new methods developed to achieve specific synthetic transformations. Contributions are written by eminent scientists and each volume is edited by an authority in the field. Advances in Organic Synthesis is essential for all organic chemists in the academia and industry who wish to keep abreast of rapid and important developments in the field.

Advances in Organic Synthesis is a book series devoted to the latest advances in synthetic approaches towards challenging structures. It presents comprehensive articles written by eminent authorities on different synthetic approaches to selected target molecules and new methods developed to achieve specific synthetic transformations. Contributions are written by eminent scientists and each volume is edited by an authority in the field. Advances in Organic Synthesis is essential for all organic chemists in academia and the industry who wish to keep abreast of rapid and important developments in the field.

This volume presents the following reviews:

o Catalytic Tandem Reactions Triggered by the Introduction of a Carbonyl Function

o Synthetic Applications of Bifunctional Knölker Type Iron Complexes as (De)hydrogenation Catalysts

o Superelectrophilic Activation of Alkynes, Alkenes, and Allenes

o Chitosan and its Derivatives: Synthesis Strategy and Applications

o Synthesis of N-Containing Heterocycles via Hypervalent Iodine(III)-Mediated Intramolecular Oxidative Cyclization

o Advancements in Ionic Liquids for the Formation of Morita Baylis-Hillman Adducts

The last two decades have seen a number of significant advances in the methodology for evaluating the molecular weight distributions of polydispersed macromolecular systems in solution at the molecular level. This reference presents reviews on the progress in different analytical and characterization methods of biopolymers.

Readers will find useful information about combinations of complex biopolymer analysis such as chromatographic or membrane based fractionation procedures combined with multiple detectors on line (multi-angle laser light scattering or MALLS). Key topics include:

• refractive index, UV-Vis absorbance and intrinsic viscosity detection systems,

• advances in SEC-MALLS (size exclusion chromatography coupled to multi-angle laser light scattering) and FFF-MALLS (field flow fractionation coupled on line to MALLS),

• HPSEC-A4F-MALLS, matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization (MALDI)

• electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry

• nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy

This reference is intended for students of applied chemistry and biochemistry who require information about biopolymer analysis and characterization.

Advances in Protein and Peptide Sciences is a book series focused on leading-edge research on the structure, physical properties, and functions of proteins and peptides. The series presents highly cited contributions first published in the journal Current Protein and Peptide Science. Authors of these contributions have updated their work with new experimental data and references following their initial research. Each volume highlights a number of important topics in current research in the field of protein and peptide chemistry and molecular biology, including membrane proteins and their interactions with ligands, computational methods, and proteins in disease and biotechnology.

In recent years, special functions have been developed and applied in a variety of fields, such as combinatory, astronomy, applied mathematics, physics, and engineering due to their remarkable properties. This volume expands our understanding of special functions by highlighting recent trends in numerical analysis. are demonstrated by 15 chapters. Many chapters highlight the importance of fundamental results and techniques of the theory of complex analysis for partial differential equations Contributions emphasize articles devoted to the mathematical treatment of questions arising in physics, chemistry, biology, and engineering, particularly those that stress analytical aspects and novel problems and their solutions. This volume is a timely update for mathematicians and researchers interested in advanced numerical methods and computational techniques used to solve complex problems List of Chapters 1. Modified Adaptive Synchronization and Anti Synchronization method for Fractional order chaotic systems with uncertain parameters 2. Improved generalized differential transform method for a class of linear non homogeneous ordinary fractional differential equation 3. Incomplete K2-Function 4. Some Results On Incomplete Hypergeometric Functions 5. Transcendental Bernstein Series: Interpolation and Approximation 6. Some Sufficient Conditions For Uniform Convexity Of Normalized 1F2 Function 7. From Abel continuity theorem to Paley-Wiener theorem 8. A New Class of Truncated Exponential-Gould-Hopper basedGenocchi Polynomials 9. Computational preconditioned Gauss-Seidel via half-sweep approximation to Caputo's time fractional differential equations 10. Krasnoselskii-type Theorems for Monotone Operators in Ordered Banach Algebra with Applications in Fractional Differential Equations and Inclusion 11. General fractional order quadratic functional integral equations: Existence, properties of solutions and some of its Applications 12.Nonlinear set-valued delay functional integral equations of Volterra-Stieltjes type: Existence of solutions, continuous dependence and applications 13.Certain Saigo Fractional Derivatives Of Extended Hypergeometric Functions 14. Some Erdelyi-kober Fractional Integrals Of The Extended Hypergeometric Functions 15. On solutions of Kinetic Model by Sumudu transform

This volume is a valuable source of recent knowledge about advanced time series forecasting techniques such as artificial neural networks, fuzzy time series, or hybrid approaches. New forecasting frameworks are discussed and their application is demonstrated. The second volume of the series includes applications of some powerful forecasting approaches with a focus on fuzzy time series methods. Chapters integrate these methods with concepts such as neural networks, high order multivariate systems, deterministic trends, distance measurement and much more. The chapters are contributed by eminent scholars and serve to motivate and accelerate future progress while introducing new branches of time series forecasting. This book is a valuable resource for MSc and PhD students, academic personnel and researchers seeking updated and critically important information on the concepts of advanced time series forecasting and its applications.

This e-book is a suitable reference on the technical and scientific competence related to effective application and integration of cool materials in the built environment. The e-book is an overview on the following:

• The role of cool materials in the built environment.

• Major cool materials techniques and their benefits and drawbacks.

• Research trends in cool materials for the built environment.

• Technical guidelines for instrumentation, testing and rating of cool materials.

• Policy and economic aspects of cool materials necessary for the management of built environments.

• Case studies where the cool materials are implemented.

This comprehensive volume presents a wide spectrum of information about the design, analysis and manufacturing of aerospace structures and materials. Readers will find an interesting compilation of reviews covering several topics such as structural dynamics and impact simulation, acoustic and vibration testing and analysis, fatigue analysis and life optimization, reversing design methodology, non-destructive evaluation, remotely piloted helicopters, surface enhancement of aerospace alloys, manufacturing of metal matrix composites, applications of carbon nanotubes in aircraft material design, carbon fiber reinforcements, variable stiffness composites, aircraft material selection, and much more.

This volume is a key reference for graduates undertaking advanced courses in materials science and aeronautical engineering as well as researchers and professional engineers seeking to increase their understanding of aircraft material selection and design.

Agent-based Computational Economics using NetLogo explores how researchers can create, use and implement multi-agent computational models in Economics by using NetLogo software platform. Problems of economic science can be solved using multi-agent modelling (MAM). This technique uses a computer model to simulate the actions and interactions of autonomous entities in a network, in order to analyze the effects on the entire economic system. MAM combines elements of game theory, complex systems, emergence and evolutionary programming. The Monte Carlo method is also used in this e-book to introduce random elements. The 11 models presented in this text simulate the simultaneous operations of several agents in an attempt to recreate and predict complex economic phenomena.

This e-book explains the topic in a systematic manner, starting with an introduction for readers followed subsequently by methodology and implementation using NetLogo. The volume ends with conclusions based on the results of the experiments presented.

The e-book is intended as a concise and vital resource for economists, applied mathematicians, social sciences scientists, systems analysts, operations researchers and numerical analysts

Banana farming is the basis for commercial fruit trading. Every banana plant generates waste biomass nearly ten times the quantity of its fruits. Disposal of waste biomass is a burden for the farmers. Economical use of the waste biomass can bring financial benefit to banana farmers. Use of organic potash in lieu of inorganic potash affords higher yield and also helps to preserve the ecosphere of soil for subsequent crops. Agricultural Benefits of Postharvest Banana Plants details the use of postharvest banana plants for agriculture and trade. Eleven chapters explain both traditional and modern uses of banana plants. The reader is informed how bio-waste from postharvest banana plants (including their stems) can be used as organic potash to replace inorganic potash (muriate of potash) in fertilizer. Experimental uses of banana plant pseudo-stem juice for growing different crops along with chemical analysis of the pseudo-stems are explained in separate chapters. Isolations of potassium chloride and potassium carbonate have also been discussed in the latter part of the book.

This book is an ideal handbook for professionals and trainees interested in utilizing postharvest banana plants for sustainable agriculture and trade. The information is also useful for students and teachers involved in agricultural biotechnology and traditional agriculture courses.

Environmental pollution has received the attention of both economists and ecologists who have integrated their ideas and concepts in recent decades. Production and consumption of material goods generates residuals that are disposed in the environment. Air emissions constitute one of the most important residuals, including greenhouse gases, as well as localized substances toxic to human health and the environment. How economic activity affects gas emissions is valuable information for pollution control and is extremely useful for defining and implementing successful environmental policies, aimed at improving the global efficiency of an economy.

The e-book presents the relationship between economic activities and air pollution. It describes research contributions focused on showing the properties and the usefulness of National Accounting Matrices with Environmental Accounts (NAMEA). Additionally, demonstrates the most recent advances in the input-output methodology and linear extended multisectorial models to capture the gas emissions processes with empirical applications of these methods to specific countries. The contents of the e-book make it an interesting platform of new knowledge for both academic public and people in national agencies of environmental regulation.

Edible algae, including seaweeds, are a source of functional food, dietary supplements, metabolites and bioactive compounds. Algal-based functional foods have potential health benefits, and their commercial value depends on their applications in the food and nutraceutical industries.

This book covers several aspects of algal based functional foods. It informs the reader about algal cultivation techniques, environmental impact, habitat, nutraceutical potential, extraction of bioactive metabolites, functional-food composition, bio-prospection, culture-induced nutraceutical compounds, algae-based bio-packaging, algal-biorefinery, toxicity, trends and future prospects.

The editors present the topics in a research-oriented format while citing scholarly references.

This book is a comprehensive resource for anyone interested in the nutritional benefits and industrial utilization of algae as a sustainable food source.

This book provides a holistic view of natural products and remedies that have been used to treat cancer. The editors aim to educate readers about the importance of the translational role of natural products in cancer treatment by compiling 14 chapters. The book emphasizes an integrative approach to the topic by blending traditional knowledge that supports alternative therapies with the science of phytochemicals and drug discovery technologies as a means to manage the disease.

Key topics include alternative therapies (such as aromatherapy and immune boosting herbal medications), cytotoxic and anti-cancer phytochemicals, drug delivery and discovery technologies (including high-throughput screening) and some drug targets of interest for cancer treatment (such as topoisomerases and caspases). Readers will be able to learn about natural sources of ant-cancer compounds, and the methods used by research and development experts in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries to isolate and formulate these compounds.

This book will be a handy resource for a wide range of readers. This includes researchers, traditional medical practitioners, PG students, Ph.D. scholars and general readers to understand the role of natural products in cancer treatment.

key features

- Explains the importance of alternative therapies in the management of cancer

- Emphasizes the ethnopharmacological approaches to cancer

- Explores natural anticancer drug libraries

- Discusses the role of modern cancer targets and the importance of in-silico tools in anticancer drug discovery

- Addresses modern drug discovery tools and drug delivery technologies concerning their applications in cancer treatment.

- Includes references for further reading

Amazon Web Services: A Comprehensive Guide for Beginners and Advanced Users is your go-to companion for learning and mastering AWS. It presents 10 easy-to-read chapters that build a foundation for cloud computing while also equipping readers with the skills necessary to use AWS for commercial projects. Readers will learn how to use AWS cloud computing services for seamless integrations, effective monitoring, and optimizing cloud-based web applications.

What you will learn from this guide:

1. Identity and Access Management in AWS: Learn about IAM roles, security of the root account, and password policies, ensuring a robust foundation in access management.

2. Amazon EC2 Instance: Explore the different types of EC2 instances, pricing strategies, and hands-on experiences to launch, manage, and terminate EC2 instances effectively. This knowledge will help to make informed choices about pricing strategies.

3. Storage Options and Solutions: A detailed examination of storage options within Amazon EC2 instances. Understanding Amazon Elastic Block Store (EBS), Amazon Elastic File Storage (EFS), and more, will enhance your ability to handle data storage efficiently.

4. Load Balancing and Auto Scaling: Learn about different types of load balancers and how auto-scaling groups operate, to master the art of managing varying workloads effectively.

5. Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3): Understand S3 concepts such as buckets, objects, versioning, storage classes, and practical applications.

6. AWS Databases and Analytics: Gain insights into modern databases, AWS cloud databases, and analytics services such as Amazon Quicksight, AWS Glue, and Amazon Redshift.

7. Compute Services and Integrations: Understand the workings of Docker, virtual machines, and various compute services offered by AWS, including AWS Lambda and Amazon Lightsail, Amazon MQ and Amazon SQS.

8. Cloud Monitoring: Understand how to set up alarms, analyze metrics, and ensure the efficient monitoring of your cloud environment using Amazon CloudWatch and CloudTrail.

Key Features: Comprehensive Introduction to Cloud Computing and AWS Guides readers to the complete set of features in AWS Easy-to-understand language and presentation with diagrams and navigation guides References for further reading Whether you're a student diving into cloud specialization as part of your academic curriculum or a professional seeking to enhance your skills, this guide provides a solid foundation for learning the potential of the AWS suite of applications to deploy cloud computing projects.

The second law of thermodynamics is an example of the fundamental laws that govern our universe and is relevant to every branch of science exploring the physical world. This reference summarizes knowledge and concepts about the second law of thermodynamics and entropy. A verbatim explanation of chemical thermodynamics is presented by the author, making this text easy to understand for chemistry students, researchers, non-experts, and educators.

This e-book adds a new dimension to currently available text in health promotion by applying examples from evaluation studies to explore basic health promotion principles. It thus goes beyond single case study descriptions. The volume intricately blends an ecological approach with social science.

A multiple settings approach is extensively covered by analyzing participants’ perceptions of the family, leisure and school settings. Chapters of this volume also present intervention data aiming at promoting participants’ perceptions and empowerment in the settings. Furthermore, the e-book covers several topic areas central to health promotion, such as life satisfaction, health behaviours (tobacco, physical activity) and health complaints and body image. Another central principle in health promotion, namely development of healthy public policy is covered including descriptions about how health promotion policies are influenced by national and international political developments. This historical perspective adds to the current knowledge of how to establish and develop policies as a basis for all health promotion actions.

An Illustrated Glossary of Botanical Terminologies is intended as a simple and concise handbook for students undertaking undergraduate or graduate courses in botany or biological sciences as well as general readers interested in understanding terms used in plant science. Readers will find many key words in this book that are often present in many botanical texts although without clear explanation or meaning. This glossary presents an easy approach to learning several plant-related terms.

Key features include:

-Over 1500 entries

-Over 200 illustrations

-Simple, easy-to-understand definitions

-Brief explanations and annotated figures where possible

According to the National Institute of Aging there are more than half a billion people over the age of 65 across the globe. This has led to a need for medical and psychiatric care on a scale unprecedented in history. In light of this increase in the global elderly population, the field of geriatric medicine has expanded and become multidisciplinary to accommodate the need of the elderly in the 21st century.

This volume highlights research in geriatric medicine across different disciplines. Chapters of this volume cover public health and economic consequences of aging in USA, cognitive impairment in old age, geriatric ophthalmology, osteoporosis, sleep disorders, speech-language pathology and geriatric care. Readers – both medical students and researchers - will find these topics useful for understanding issues in geriatric medicine and can use this information to improve geriatric programs in the healthcare sector.

The kidneys are a vital organ present in humans and vertebrate animals. Various toxic chemicals, present in food and water adversely affect the kidneys. Plants and plant-derived compounds have been a major source for the treatment and cure of diseases since ancient times. Even today, almost 25% of the prescription drugs for renal problems are sourced from plants. An Introduction to Nephroprotective Plants gives an overview of nephrotoxicity and medicinal plants used for protecting the kidney and reducing the effect of kidney toxicity and managing renal diseases. This book is an answer to the current gaps in knowledge resources on nephroprotective plants. The reader is introduced to the basic physiology of the renal excretory system and its disorders. The introduction is followed by chapters which give information on medicinal plants used in traditional systems of medicine (both codified and noncodified). Information about plant parts used, method of use and dosage is provided along with references.

Key Features:

- Simple structured presentation in six chapters

- Includes an introduction to the urinary system and its diseases

- Includes information about codified and noncodified medicinal plants used for neuroprotection

- Covers phytochemicals extracted from medicinal plants which are screened and used in modern medicine for nephroprotection in detail.

- Covers ethnobotanical and polyherbal formulations

- References for further reading

An Introduction to Nephroprotective Plants serves as a convenient desk reference for all researchers (pharmacologists, medicinal chemists, ethnobotanists) and healthcare professionals (physicians, pharmacists, nurses and medical students) who require complete information on nephroprotective plants.

This book represents a novel approach for the trigonometry and an original scientific work in this field, by using the ensemble structure composed of the real analysis and the axiomatic fundaments of geometry. Throughout this e – book one presents, in a proper manner, definitions, properties, formulae and applications more specific of the subject title and its immediate connections. The book is recommended not only as a pertinent introduction for the high school students, being also very useful for the university students, mathematics teachers and anyone who is interested in the major elements regarding the essence of real mathematics.

This update on SARS-CoV-2 focuses on basic knowledge about the virus and COVID-19 treatment. Chapters present basic information about the disease and its treatment. The virology, epidemiology, etiology, and damage response framework of SARS-CoV-2 are also discussed in detail. The book also covers recent topics of interest to pharmacology scholars such as the immunopathogenesis of SARS-CoV2, nanotechnology, repurposed drug treatments, COVID-19 vaccines, and phytomedicine for COVID-19 therapeutics. Readers in pharmacology, virology and medicine will find the book a simple, yet informative update on SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 treatment.

All developments in mathematics and computer science facilitate development of industrial applications. This e-book approaches the subject in a profoundly interdisciplinary manner. The spectrum of subjects covered in this e-book includes mathematics, computer science, materials science and industrial applications. Specifically, the e-book elaborates on mathematical models of phase-field transitions. Nonlinear parabolic systems represent the core of this book.

Mathematically speaking, it presents methods related to existence, uniqueness and regularity of solution, fractional steps, analysis of some boundary optimal control problems governed by phase-field transition system, conceptual algorithms to compute the approximate solution and boundary control.

Sample treatment has been the focus of intensive research in the last 20 years since it still remains a bottleneck in precise analytical procedures. The low concentration of the target analytes, the large amount of potential interfering agents and the incompatibility of the sample matrix with the instrumental techniques are the main reasons for these bottlenecks. In most of these methods, sample treatment is an unavoidable step and it has a clear influence on the quality (sensitivity, selectivity, and accuracy) of the final analytical results.

While the usefulness of microextraction techniques has been established, their complete acceptance in analytical laboratories (including official methods of analysis) depends on their successful automation and integration with conventional analytical instrumentation.

Analytical Microextraction Techniques presents comprehensive information about several analytical methods that are useful in the laboratory. These include: sorptive microextraction, solid and liquid phase microextraction, packed sorbent microextraction, miniaturized dispersive solid-phase extraction, thin film and nanoparticle based techniques, and membrane-based techniques.

This is a vital reference on microextraction and sample preparation techniques for applied chemistry students, analytical chemists and laboratory technicians.

Ceramics have been used as biomaterials for oral and maxillofacial applications due to their excellent bioactivity, high hardness and wear resistance. One of the key drawbacks of synthetic implants is their failure to adapt to the local tissue environment. Improvements in reliability and biocompatibility of implants and prostheses can be achieved through surface modifications including the use of biomaterial thin films and nanocoatings.

This book provides readers with information about dental implants and biomaterial fabrication for maxillofacial procedures and dental bone / tissue repair. It is an ideal reference for medical and dental students and professionals (dentists, oral and maxillofacial surgeons, orthopedic surgeons, prosthodontics) who are involved in implantology and tissue engineering. It will also provide valuable insights into the application and production of bioactive materials for any researchers and apprentices in materials science and biomedical engineering.

This book provides an in-depth and comprehensive overview of andrographolides and their analogues, highlighting their botanical origins, phytochemistry, pharmacological properties, and biotechnological applications. It explores the isolation, purification, and spectroscopic characterization of andrographolides from natural sources, emphasizing their therapeutic potential in antidiabetic studies and other medicinal uses. The book also explains cultivation techniques, agronomic strategies for Andrographis species, genetic improvements, and in vivo extraction methods aimed at enhancing andrographolide yields, with a focus on commercial cultivation and export strategies.

Dedicated chapters, contributed by experts, discuss the ethnobotanical significance of Andrographis species, traditional medicinal formulations, and advanced biotechnological interventions for conservation and utilization. Recent breakthroughs in understanding andrographolides'biosynthesis, metabolism, safety aspects, and promising applications in treating diabetes, cancer, inflammation, liver diseases, and neurological disorders are also covered. Readers will gain insight into how andrographolide analogues can be developed as "lead molecules" for creating next-generation phytodrugs.

Key Features

- Provides a comprehensive account of andrographolide-producing plant sources and their phytochemical and pharmacological properties.

- Explores the role of biotechnology in enhancing andrographolide production through in vivo and in vitro methods.

- Highlights the therapeutic efficacy of andrographolides and analogues in antidiabetic, anticancer, hepatoprotective, and anti-inflammatory drug development.

- Discusses cutting-edge advancements in the biosynthesis and semisynthetic derivatives of andrographolides.

- Covers cultivation, agronomic techniques, and genetic improvements to optimize andrographolide production for commercial applications.

This book is a valuable resource for researchers, pharmacologists, biotechnologists, and biomedical professionals focused on natural product-based drug discovery involving andrographolide.

This book provides a quick update on key aspects of current anesthesia practice. Book chapters are written in a concise manner to enable readers (anesthesia providers and medical students) to quickly refresh their knowledge, and understand the essential points about key topics. The chapters are written by eminent clinicians who are also outstanding teachers in their respective anesthesia training programs.

Topics covered in this volume include: trauma, trauma anesthesia, regional anesthesia, upper extremity blocks, lower extremity blocks, ultrasound, the use of ultrasound for blocks and vascular access, coagulation, hemostasis, transfusion, anticoagulants and their reversal, issues in pediatric anesthesia, and pediatric trauma, as well as obstetrical anesthesia.

The book serves as a handbook for advanced anesthesia professionals and a textbook for medical students.

Angiogenesis plays rate limiting roles in tumor growth and invasion. Angiogenesis inhibition has been proposed as a general strategy to fight against cancers. This book covers different therapeutic targets for angiogenesis interventions with emphasis on clinical development of antiangiogenic drugs that target antiangiogenic cascade in different forms of cancers like breast cancer, multiple myeloma, renal carcinoma, gastrointestinal, prostate and lung cancer. Surrogate predictive markers of antiangiogenic therapy in novel preclinical models recapitulating tumor microenvironment together with genomic studies are special features of this book. Gene therapy approaches with emphasis on viral vectors have been explored in preclinical model with direct and indirect angiogenesis inhibitors. Recent advances in clinical application with antiangiogenic therapy resulted in encouraging clinical results are also detailed. It includes chapters that bridge the gap between basic science and clinical application of current knowledge of cancer. Different chapters are contributed by distinguished scientists and clinicians around the world making it an important addition to the bookshelves of clinicians, academics, researchers, students and institutions.

Animal disease models are a vital tool to study diseases and associated conditions. Studies on animal models can, in some cases, be used as a basis for modeling and understanding human diseases. Biomedical scientists face a challenge to choose the correct animal model to study disease pathology, and neurological diseases are no exception to this rule.

Animal Models for Neurological Disorders covers different animal models which have been used for studying neurological disorders. 13 topical chapters have been contributed by a group of experts on the subject with an aim to cover emerging experimental models of a range of neurological diseases encountered in the clinic including Alzheimer’s disease, psychosis, Parkinson’s, Huntington’s disease, vascular dementia, schizophrenia, multiple sclerosis and brain tumors, among others. The chapters also inform readers about relevant clinical correlations in each disease model where appropriate.

Animal Models for Neurological Disorders is intended for all scholarly researchers and students of biomedical sciences, pharmacology, medicine (oncology, neurology, psychiatry), pharmacy, biochemistry, and biotechnology. The organized contents of the book also serve as a quick reference point for scientists working in applied areas of neuroscience including the study of neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive dysfunction in living organisms.

Bentham Briefs in Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy (Volume 3): Anthraquinones: Bioactive Multifaceted Therapeutic Agents discusses the expansive realm of anthraquinones, pivotal aromatic compounds in medicine, biotechnology, and industry. This comprehensive volume integrates traditional knowledge with cutting-edge research, covering biosynthesis, analytical methodologies, therapeutic applications, and industrial uses.

Key Features:

- Detailed exploration of anthraquinone biosynthesis and bioactivity.

- Advanced insights into nanotechnology-driven drug delivery.

- Modern extraction techniques and analytical methodologies.

- Contributions from leading experts, ensuring rigorous, research-driven content.

The inhibition of angiogenesis is an effective mechanism of slowing down tumor growth and malignancies. The process of induction or pro-angiogenesis is highly desirable for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, wound healing disorders, etc. Efforts to understand the molecular basis, both for inhibition and induction, have yielded fascinating results.

Anti-angiogenesis Drug Discovery and Development provides an excellent compilation of well-written reviews on various aspects of the anti-angiogenesis process. These reviews have been contributed by leading practitioners in drug discovery science and highlight the major developments in this exciting field in the last two decades. The feast of these reader-friendly reviews on topics of great scientific importance – many of which are considered significant medical breakthroughs, makes this book excellent reading both for the novice as well as for expert medicinal chemists and clinicians.

The inhibition of angiogenesis is an effective mechanism of slowing down tumor growth and malignancies. The process of induction or pro-angiogenesis is highly desirable for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, wound healing disorders, etc. Efforts to understand the molecular basis, both for inhibition and induction, have yielded fascinating results.

Anti-angiogenesis Drug Discovery and Development provides an excellent compilation of well-written reviews on various aspects of the anti-angiogenesis process. These reviews have been contributed by leading practitioners in drug discovery science and highlight the major developments in this exciting field in the last two decades. The feast of these reader-friendly reviews on topics of great scientific importance – many of which are considered significant medical breakthroughs, makes this book excellent reading both for the novice as well as for expert medicinal chemists and clinicians.

This volume brings together 5 reviews on these topics:

-Beta-blockers for treating premature retinopathy

-Anti-angiogenic activity of disintegrin-based, synthetic cyclic KTS peptides

-Anti-angiogenic therapy of lung cancer

-Oral anti-angiogenic therapy for NSCLC

-Angiogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma

The inhibition of angiogenesis is an effective mechanism of slowing down tumor growth and malignancies. The process of induction or pro-angiogenesis is highly desirable for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, and wound healing disorders. Efforts to understand the molecular basis, both for inhibition and induction, have yielded fascinating results.

Anti-angiogenesis Drug Discovery and Development provides an excellent compilation of well-written reviews on various aspects of the anti-angiogenesis process. These reviews have been contributed by leading practitioners in drug discovery science and highlight the major developments in this exciting field in the last two decades. The feast of these reader-friendly reviews on topics of great scientific importance – many of which are considered significant medical breakthroughs, makes this series excellent reading both for the novice as well as for expert medicinal chemists and clinicians.

The fifth volume brings together reviews on the following topics:

- Targeted therapy for tumor vasculature

- Anti-angiogenic therapy for breast and prostate cancers (including information updates on clinical trials)

- Microbe-based and other novel antiangiogenesis therapies such as chromene-based agents

Obesity is a complex health problem, caused by a number of factors such as excessive food intake, lack of physical activity, genetic predisposition, endocrine disorders, medications and psychiatric illnesses. Onset of obesity in both the developing and the developed world has reached epidemic proportions. In response to this, efforts to control and treat obesity have also been vigorously pursued, ranging from raising awareness about lifestyle changes to the discovery and development of safe and effective anti-obesity drugs.

Anti-obesity Drug Discovery and Development is focused on this very important area of healthcare research. Fifteen well written reviews make this special volume an excellent compilation of recent developments in anti-obesity treatment. The reviews cover a variety of topics including the development of specific, safe and effective receptor antagonists, the role of epithelial endocrine cells and post operative treatment strategies. This book should be useful to clinicians and medicinal chemists involved in ant-obesity research and therapy.

Obesity is a complex health problem, caused by a number of factors such as excessive food intake, lack of physical activity, genetic predisposition, endocrine disorders, medications and psychiatric illnesses. The incidence of obesity among populations in both the developing and the developed world has reached epidemic proportions. In response to this, efforts to control and treat obesity have also been vigorously pursued, ranging from activities focused on raising awareness about lifestyle changes to the discovery and development of safe and effective anti-obesity drugs. Anti-obesity Drug Discovery and Development is a book series focused on this very important area of healthcare research. Each volume presents insightful updates on pharmaceutical research and development for clinical researchers and healthcare professionals involved in obesity treatment programs.

The fourth volume of this series covers 6 reviews on anti-obesity treatment strategies including updates on obesity and cancer prevention through dietary modulation, the role of anti-obesity medications in polycystic ovary syndrome, potential anti-obesity strategies targeting mitochondria, calcium silicate based formulations for anti-obesity therapy, and the identification of obesity medications from natural products and plants.

This volume of Frontiers in Anti-Infective Agents provides updates on the most recent studies about anti-infective agents, their mechanism of action, the relevant molecular targets and their implication in the development of novel antibiotics that have properties similar to their corresponding compounds of natural origin. The initial chapter covers the mode of action of natural antimycobacterial compounds such as nordihydroguaiaretic acid, α-mangostin and allicin, as well as antimicrobial peptides and their role in the innate and adaptive immune response leading to the decrease of microbial resistance. This is followed by updates on tuberculosis treatment concerning the immunological role of cells (airway epithelial cells, macrophages, neutrophils and T cells) along with their products (chemokines, cytokines) and other processes such as autophagy that influence the outcome of the host immune response to the infection. Contributors have also reviewed the latest knowledge in the cellular and molecular mechanisms that trigger a protective, immune response and the identification of the molecular targets for vaccine development, all of which are a key priority to develop control measures against Babesia species like Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina. Additionally, the neuro-endocrine and neuro-immune mechanisms behind host responses against stress and environmental stimuli during infections are also covered in separate chapters. The volume also provides updates related to Helicobacter pylori pathogenesis. The reviews presented in Anti-infective Research and Development provide timely updates for scholars and professionals associated with the field of antimicrobial research and development.

Introduction:

Antibiotics and Reproductive Health explores the intricate interplay between antibiotics and the female reproductive system. This comprehensive volume offers an evidence-based analysis of how antibiotics impact fertility, pregnancy, and breastfeeding, with a special focus on antibiotic resistance and emerging treatment alternatives. Bridging medicine, pharmacology, and reproductive health, the book is structured into nine chapters covering topics from the mechanism of antibiotics in reproductive health to alternative therapies like probiotics and herbal medicine. It provides clinical guidelines and discusses risks such as antibiotic resistance and microbiome disruption.

Key Features:

- Detailed exploration of antibiotic mechanisms in reproductive health.

- Discussion on risks including antibiotic resistance and hormonal effects.

- Examination of alternative therapies like probiotics and herbal medicine.

- Clinical guidelines for antibiotic use in reproductive health.

This inter-disciplinary volume provides information on anticancer medicines derived from marine organisms. Eight edited reviews extensively list the variety of organisms including marine plants, sponges, cnidarians and fish. Emphasis is placed on the source of the compounds, their structure and mechanism of action. Anticancer peptides from sponges are covered in a dedicated chapter. The specific biology and ecology of marine organisms yielding these anticancer compounds is also highlighted where appropriate. All chapters include detailed references for advanced readers.

This volume is a standard text-cum-reference for teachers, students and researchers of various disciplines such as Biomedical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Marine Biology, and Fisheries Science, it also serves as a guide to marine anticancer compounds for professionals in the pharmaceutical industry who are involved in the development of new marine-derived anticancer drugs.

Protozoan infections that are endemic in countries with limited economic resources pose a significant public health challenge to affected communities and some of these diseases are categorized as neglected tropical diseases by the World Health Organization. At the moment, there is an urgent need to identify and develop new antiprotozoal drugs. Antiprotozoal Drug Discovery: A Challenge That Remains brings together research from all scientists (including parasitologists, chemists, biologists among others) involved in the field of antiprotozoal experimental pharmacology, drug design and natural product research. The monograph is a compilation of review chapters written by experts on medical parasitology and pharmacology that covers a wide range of topics such as general characteristics of protozoan diseases (malaria, toxoplasmosis, Chagas’ disease, leishmaniasis, trichomoniasis) prophylaxis, treatments, natural products and rational drug design. The contents of this book are useful to medical microbiologists and pharmaceutical scientists seeking to update their knowledge about antiprotozoal drug design.

Among various water and wastewater treatment technologies, the adsorption process is considered better because of lower cost, simple design and easy operation. Activated carbon (a universal adsorbent) is generally used for the removal of diverse types of pollutants from water and wastewater. Research is now being directed towards the modification of carbon surfaces to enhance its adsorption potential towards specific pollutants. However, widespread use of commercial activated carbon is sometimes restricted especially in developing or poor countries due to its higher costs. Attempts are therefore being made to develop inexpensive adsorbents utilizing abundant natural materials, agricultural and industrial waste materials. Use of waste materials as low-cost adsorbents is attractive due to their contribution in the reduction of costs for waste disposal, therefore contributing to environmental protection. This e-book explores knowledge on recent developments in adsorbents synthesis and their use in water pollution control. This handy reference work is intended for researchers and scientists actively engaged in the study of adsorption and the development and application of efficient adsorption technology for water treatment. This e-book covers a wide range of topics including modeling aspects of adsorption process and the applications of conventional and non-conventional adsorbents in water remediation emphasizing sorption mechanisms of different pollutants on the adsorbents.