Bentham Science Publishers

Smart Home and Industrial IoT Devices: Critical Perspectives on Cyber Threats, Frameworks and Protocols provides an in-depth examination of the Internet of Things (IoT) and its profound impact on smart homes and industrial systems. The book begins by exploring the significance of IoT in smart homes, followed by an analysis of emerging cyber threats targeting smart homes and cyber-physical systems. It presents AI and machine learning-based frameworks for monitoring water quality and managing irrigation in agriculture, highlighting their role in IoT ecosystems. The text also discusses a framework to mitigate cyber-attacks on robotic systems and introduces a multinomial naive Bayesian classifier for analyzing smart IoT devices. Dataflow analysis and modeling experiments are detailed, along with a comparison of IoT communication protocols using anomaly detection and security assessment. The book concludes with a discussion on efficient, lightweight intrusion detection systems and a unique taxonomy for IoT frameworks. This book is ideal for students, researchers, and professionals seeking to understand and secure IoT environments.

With the rapid development of electronic technology, mobile communication and satellite communication, electromagnetic interference (EMI) or Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) has received global scientific attention to ensure unperturbed performance of electronic items and to avoid any adverse effect on human health. EMI is one of the main factors that weaken electronic system performance and is considered as a modern form of environmental pollution.

Many efforts have been made to reduce EMI due to industrial regulations. With the expansion of the IT industry, microwave absorbing materials (MAMs) and EMI shielding materials have received considerable interest to improve the resistance of smart devices to EMI.

This book presents a comprehensive review of the recent developments in EMI shielding and the design of microwave absorbing materials. Chapters cover the basic mechanism of shielding and radiation absorption, measurement procedures, factors affecting the shielding and different materials for shielding and absorption (e.g. MWCNT, conjugated polymers, graphene, MXene based hybrid materials, Carbon foam, graphene based thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposites, carbon-carbon composites, nano ferrite composites and conducting Ferro fluids). An analysis of EMI shielding using fillers composed of different materials is also presented.

In addition, key issues and current challenges to achieve better shielding and absorption performance for various materials are explained, giving the readers a broader perspective of the subject.

The book is suitable as a detailed reference for students in technology, electronics engineering and materials science courses, and professionals working on materials for designing EMI shielding mechanisms.

Smart Polymeric Nanocomposites: Synthesis and Applications explores the fascinating field of smart polymeric nanocomposites, presenting an in-depth understanding of their synthesis, properties, and diverse applications. Designed as a resource for researchers, students, and professionals, it provides a thorough overview of cutting-edge advancements in the field. The book covers various topics, including self-healing materials, shape-memory applications, controlled drug delivery, environmental solutions such as water purification, and innovations in flexible electronic sensing. By integrating theoretical principles with real-world applications, the book serves as both a learning tool and an inspiration for innovation in polymer science and nanotechnology.

Key Features:

- Detailed exploration of synthesis methods and advanced applications.

- Case studies and practical examples.

- Interdisciplinary insights across chemistry, engineering, and environmental science.

A refreshing and useful resource for understanding the multidimensional aspects linking social determinants to health equity and development. The book is written for researchers, students, public health practitioners, health decision makers, health economists, epidemiologists, sociologists, demographers and general public audience with interest in health equity and development. The nine chapters presented are clear and comprehensive, reinforced by several diagrams and real examples illustrating inequity in health. The book is Illustrated with 45 tables and figures, and contain 355 recent references to the literature.

Soft robotics is a subfield of robotics that encompasses the design and fabrication of robots with soft and compliant materials. Soft robots represent components like human prosthetics or biomimicking systems. Soft robotics relies on technically astute designs based on the correct choice of materials to enable a level of dexterity not possible with rigid components alone. The basic prime movers (actuators) and perception (sensors) require control systems capable of accommodating imprecise feedback data and often unpredictable reaction times. Mobility in such robots is more akin to entomological or marine systems than conventional guided vehicles.

This reference is a guide to materials and systems used in soft robotics. If features 6 chapters contributed by robotics experts that review fundamental and applied topics that are important for understanding the requirements of soft robotics design projects and the physics of the polymers involved. Chapters are organized for easy reading and include references.

The topics include:

- Aspects of materials processing and engineering for the development of soft robotic devices

- A review on biological gripping principles and their application to robotics

- Information about self-sensing electroadhesive polymer grippers with magnetically controllable surface geometry

- Theoretical and experimental investigations of magnetic hybrid materials

- Modeling and dynamic analysis of a novel rotary soft robotic arm by transfer matrix method

- Design and control of a portable continuum robot for pipe inspection assisted by a rigid manipulator

This book is a suitable reference for scholars and engineers who are seeking knowledge about materials and design principles in soft robotics with its practical applications.

Soil Biology & Ecology: The Basics offers an accessible introduction to the diverse and dynamic world beneath our feet. This book explores soil as a thriving habitat, detailing the rich biodiversity of microorganisms and macroorganisms that sustain essential ecological cycles. It covers the key biochemical cycles in soil, including carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur, explaining how these processes contribute to soil fertility and ecosystem health. With a focus on ecological relationships like symbiosis and competition, this guide illuminates the vital role of soil in supporting life and agricultural productivity.

Ideal for students, researchers, and nature enthusiasts, the book is a foundational resource for understanding soil's impact on the biosphere and human food production.

Key Features:

- Comprehensive overview of soil as a living ecosystem

- Detailed coverage of soil microbiota, macrobiota, and biochemical cycles

- Insights into ecological relationships and their practical applications

This book encapsulates current information about the science behind solar energy and the solar thermal systems available to meet domestic needs. Several scholars have contributed to the chapters in the text in an effort to distill research-oriented topics for learners.

The book starts with an explainer on the fundamentals of thermodynamics, heat transfer and solar energy in the first 2 chapters. The basics of some solar thermal devices along with their thermal modeling are covered in the next few chapters, along with solar distillation systems. This is followed by information about the design, development and applications of solar cookers along with their thermal modeling. Thermal modeling of semi-transparent PVT systems and their applications are discussed in Chapter 9. Chapter 10 covers the development in solar photovoltaic technology. Chapter 11 and Chapter 12 discusses thermal modeling of greenhouse solar dryers and presents a case study on a hybrid active greenhouse solar dryer. Chapter 13 covers the thermal analysis of photovoltaic thermal (PVT) air heaters employing thermoelectric modules (TEM). The applications of various solar systems in building sectors and the development in this field are covered in Chapter 14. Chapter 15 deals with energy and environ- economics analysis of bio-gas integrated semi-transparent photo-voltaic thermal (Bi-iSPVT) systems for Indian climates.

The book has a broad scope and is intended as a resource for students, researchers and teachers in universities, industries, and national and commercial laboratories to help learn the fundamentals and in-depth knowledge of thermal modeling and recent developments in solar heating systems.

Since the first description by John Scott Russel in 1834, the solitary wave phenomenon has attracted considerable interests from scientists. The most interesting discovery since then has been the ability to integrate most of the nonlinear wave equations which govern solitary waves, from the Korteweg-de Vries equation to the nonlinear Schrödinger equation, in the 1960's. From that moment, a huge amount of theoretical works can be found on solitary waves. Due to the fact that many physical phenomena can be described by a soliton model, applications have followed each other, in telecommunications first, where the propagation of solitons in fiber optics helps in increasing transmission capacity, thanks to their inherent stability, which make long-distance transmission possible without the use of repeaters.

The aim of this book is to present a state of the art theoretical study of solitary waves. Prominent actual works on solitary waves are described.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection represents one of the biggest challenges of current years. However, scientists and physicians still do not have an efficient therapy for preventing or eradicating the virus. The selection of drug-resistant strains as well as side-effects, represent common problems encountered in all anti-viral therapies. However, it has been clearly demonstrated that the potency of early immune responses profoundly regulates levels of HIV, and hence also the generation of virus mutants as well as the velocity of disease progression to AIDS.

A prominent feature of this e-book is the focus on interaction between innate immunity and HIV infection. This topic has been investigated by many authors from the late 80's, and many soluble factors responsible for such activity have been discovered, such as suPAR and HMGB1. At present, these two novel factors are the subject of very intense research on HIV infections.

A key advantage of this e-book is the selection of authors, recognized worldwide as leading experts in their field. Because of the comprehensive coverage, as well as the eminence of the authors, this e-book provides a detailed and high quality description about the role of innate immune responses regulating HIV replication. It should prove to be a useful resource for readers interested in immunology and HIV research.

Famous Planet Earth Caves - The new series presents important caves or rock shelters in any kind of rock types all over the world. Each book focuses on a single cave presentation covering different and most important disciplines of a cave: Geology (e.g. cave genesis, sedimentology, speleothems) such as Hydrogeology (e.g. speleothems for climate reconstructions, aquifer reconstructions), Paleontology (e.g. cave bear or carnivore dens), Archeology (e.g. Palaeolithic to Medieval camp or burial sites) and modern Biology (e.g. bat caves). The books are scientific chaptered monographs, sometimes of show caves, but often of non- or difficult to access caves. The well-illustrated books are written in a mixed scientific and popular scientific way for a better understanding and larger readership, especially speleologists and natural scientists all over the world.                                        

Sperm-mediated gene transfer (SMGT) represents a novel set of technologies for animal (or in the future, human) genetic modification using the sperm as a vector, as opposed to more traditional established routes such as fertilized eggs or embryonic stem cells.

Studies of sperm-mediated gene transfer (SMGT) indicate that sperm cells possess the ability to be utilized as carriers of exogenous genetic sequences, offering the potential of a novel cost-effective route for germline genetic modification. The fate of transgenes borne by sperm cells has been inconsistent, and analysis of offspring from SMGT experiments has shown a mixed picture in terms of genomic integration of the transgene, suggesting an episomal mode of inheritance. Various distinct steps in transgene uptake by the sperm cell have been described or proposed, including a model based upon endogenous reverse transcriptase activity. Although mature sperm cells are naturally protected against uptake of foreign nucleic acid molecules, certain environmental conditions, for example at key times within the reproductive tract, may reduce this protection, suggesting that SMGT may occasionally take place in nature. If correct, this carries profound implications for evolution and human genetic health. This e-book brings together theoretical and empirical reviews from experts in SMGT, providing comprehensive coverage of the major trends, developments and controversies in this novel field. This e-book is intended as a reference for professional researchers in the field of animal genetic modification (transgenesis) as well as teachers, scientists and physicians interested in medical genetics in general and gene therapy in particular.

Stability of Geotechnical Structures: Theoretical and Numerical Analysis is a comprehensive introduction to the theory and applications of soil mechanics in structural stability. Chapters explain different mathematical methods to calculate structural stability metrics. Topics covered in the book include upper and lower bound methods, kinematic methods, slip line methods, limit analysis, limit equilibrium, and element methods. Additionally, fundamental principles in plasticity formulation are discussed in sufficient details, and sample computer programs are included to aid the readers in learning the presented theoretical material. The book also features worked examples for easy understanding. Theoretical material in the book is based on actual research conducted by the authors, with additional literature reviews and discussions about important topics in geotechnical engineering.

Stability of Geotechnical Structures: Theoretical and Numerical Analysis is suitable for students undertaking advanced foundation or geotechnical engineering courses at undergraduate or postgraduate levels.

Frontiers in Civil Engineering brings scholarly references on all topics related to civil engineering to the fore. Each volume presents thematic information on theoretical frameworks and practical applications in the field, including (but not limited to) soil and rock mechanics, flood control, road and railway engineering, and the construction of large buildings, bridges and dams. The series aims to compile and present useful information in the form of handbooks and monographs for students involved in technical courses in addition to providing updated references for professional engineers about the latest trends in civil engineering.

Energy is vital to global prosperity, yet dependence on fossil fuels as our primary energy source contributes to global climate change, environmental degradation, and health problems. Hydrogen offers tremendous potential as a clean, renewable energy currency. It has the highest gravimetric energy density of any known fuel and is compatible with electrochemical and combustion processes for energy conversion without the carbon emissions. This e-book summarizes the current state of the art and progress in biohydrogen production. Biohydrogen has significant economical since biological processes are much less energy intensive compared with electrolysis and thermo-chemical processes. Topics covered in this reference include progress in hydrogen production by light-driven processes, dark fermentation, hydrogen production from waste materials, the role of molecular engineering for enhanced hydrogen production, and post-production processing such as hydrogen purification and storage.

Stem Cell Delivery Routes: From Preclinical Models to Clinical Applications covers current knowledge about stem cell delivery for cell-based therapeutics. Starting with an introduction to stem cell technology, the book provides information about the main mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) delivery routes and the cell carrier materials used for delivering the cells. The main delivery routes include the liver, the kidney and the ocular surface. This introductory information is followed up with general information about stem cell based therapeutics, covering relevant topics such as the secretome and optimal delivery strategies in cell-based therapeutics. The book then progresses into the topic of in vivo cell tracking methods in preclinical and clinical studies with specific emphasis on the liver, ocular surface and kidney while also covering factors that affect the residence time, viability, and homing of MSCs with respect to the targeted location. The discussions in these chapters are accompanied by key descriptions of MSC-based therapeutic applications in rodent models and human clinical studies. The advantages and bottlenecks in clinical MSC application, and ways to improve the therapeutic efficacy of transplanted cells are also presented, rounding up the contents of the book.

Key Features:

- A comprehensive summary of stem cell delivery for cell-based therapeutics, suitable for a broad range of readers

- 10 sequential chapters that enhance the reader’s understanding on the subject

- An Introduction to stem cell technology

- Coverage of 3 key stem cell transplantation routes (liver, kidney and eye)

- Coverage of in vivo stem cell tracking

- Inclusion of basic information about MSC delivery and methods of clinical applications

- Discussions about preclinical mouse models

- A perspective on stem cell bottlenecks and recent advances in biomedical engineering that enhance the clinical application of MSCs

The contents are adapted to suit readers learning about advanced stem cells therapies at all academic levels, including undergraduates, lecturers, as well as those who are curious to understand more about the importance of stem cells, and their application in cell-based therapeutics. Professionals involved in allied fields in clinical research, and biomedical engineering will also gain a substantial understanding about regenerative medicine and cell transplantation.

Experts in the field of cellular biology have shown that the reactivation of pluripotency inherent in all cells can allow us to reprogram cells into a specific cell line. This reprogramming paradigm is steadily enhancing our understanding of cell differentiation processes and cellular identity. Consequently, new prospects for cellular therapies of diseases and in vivo regeneration have risen.

Stem Cells Between Regeneration and Tumorigenesis focuses on organ specific molecular pathways that trigger two opposite ways that a stem cell can grow (regeneration and neoplasia). Chapters provide a balanced set of information about tissue regeneration and tumorigenesis in several tissues and biological systems (the nervous, circulatory, oral, skin, digestive and endocrine systems). Additional reviews of the immunological role in regulating the two stem cell growth processes and the role of genomics and proteomics in understanding these processes round up the contents of this monograph.

Readers of this book will gain the following key benefits:

-an insight into the complexity and controversy surrounding the established dual stem cell behavior paradigm (regeneration versus tumorigenesis)

-an understanding of the intricate cellular processes such as stem cells maintenance

-background knowledge of optimizing tailored therapy in personalized and regenerative medicine

Stem Cells Between Regeneration and Tumorigenesis is a useful resource for advanced graduates and researchers undertaking courses in molecular biology and personalized medicine, as well as interns involved in stem cell research programs.

Steroids are an important class of biomolecules with diverse roles and functions. Besides being important as structural and signaling molecules, these molecules hold promise against numerous disorders, including cardiovascular conditions, cancer, inflammation and autoimmune disorders. Many investigations have demonstrated that steroidal frameworks may provide lipid solubility, receptor selectivity or membrane binding properties to non-steroidal pharmacophores. However, the therapeutic use of steroids can be dangerous when they're used incorrectly. Additionally, misconceptions about steroids among athletes or recreational users can lead to steroid abuse and poor health outcomes. Steroids and their Medicinal Potential discusses the classification, distribution, biosynthesis, chemical synthesis and semi-synthesis of different steroids. The medicinal potential of each class is exhaustively discussed in different chapters. The latest advances and developments in steroid-based drug discovery are also discussed thoroughly. The book aims to address general questions and concerns about steroids, providing readers a useful resource on the subject. Key Features

-Provides comprehensive coverage on all aspects of steroids including steroid chemistry, biochemistry, medicinal potential, drug discovery and advances in target-binding interactions of steroid-based drugs

-Includes chapters dedicated to anabolic steroids and their abuse

-Designed as an accessible source of information for understanding steroidal drugs with structured chapters

-Includes references for advanced readers

When environmental conditions deviate from the optimal range, stress ensues. Stress response is a set of reactions that allow the organism to adjust and survive adverse conditions. Stress can be physical, such as extreme temperature, radiation, injury, or psychological, caused by perceived danger or deprivation. Every living cell has biochemical mechanisms to cope with physical stress. These mechanisms show a degree of similarity among several types of living organisms.

Stress Response and Immunity: Links and Trade Offs explores the functional and evolutionary connections between stress response and immunity. The book introduces the reader to the concept of stress and subsequently examines the connection between stress response and immunity at various evolutionary stages of living organisms - from bacteria to humans. The book also features chapters dedicated to the role of tumor suppressor genes and the immune system of the brain.

The information presented in this reference demonstrates the profound effects of physical and psychological stress on human health. Readers with basic knowledge of molecular biology will learn about the interesting facets of stress responses and the evolutionary trade offs observed in different life forms.

Drug discovery is still a process which involves screening of a large number of chemical compounds against a defined biological target. However, this approach is now being gradually replaced by more rational and knowledge-based approaches, such as in sillico screening and target based drug development. Increase in the cost of development of NME (New Molecular Entities) and productivity crises in pharmaceutical industry are catalyzing this change.

Spectacular advances in the field of use of NMR spectroscopy in drug discovery and development have been triggered by a greater understanding of the disease process at the molecular level.

While NMR is generally valued as an important tool for structure determination and more recently as a non-invasive diagnostic technique, its potential in drug discovery is based on its capacity to map molecular interactions at the atomic level. Chemical shifts, cross relaxation, and exchange of protons are among the NMR parameters which are highly sensitive to the exact molecular environments , and therefore yield information about how a small molecule (candidate compound) binds to a target protein (receptor) or to other macromolecules. These NMR parameters are also used to exactly map the part of the macromolecular target to which the ligand is bound. As a result, NMR is now extensively used as an efficient tool in the drug (ligand) discovery and optimization process or for the assessment of target drug ability. Recent advances in NMR hardware and methodology have provided a fresh impetus in the area of pharmaceutical innovation and productivity. This book is aimed to present recent cutting edge knowledge, practices and experiences in this important field.

The book comprises seven scholarly written articles . Mailavaram and Devarakonda in their introductory review skillfully summarize the broad approaches of NMR-based drug discovery . Park and Kim focus on the use of NMR spectroscopic techniques in the study of drug delivery, drug release and other pharmaceutic parameters. Roberto and Marina provide a chronological account of fragment-based drug discovery by using NMR-based screening methods. Specific utilization of NMR-based techniques in the discovery and development of anticancer drugs is reviewed by Solomon and Lee. Ramalho et al. review another fascinating application of NMR in understanding the behavior and radio sensitizing properties of bioreductive drugs. Zoppetti comprehensively reviews the application of NMR spectroscopy in the study of host-guest cyclodextrin complexes, particularly their use as drug delivery vehicles. A concise review is contributed by Nhat and Hong on recent advances in the field of application of NMR in structure-activity relationship study of nanostructure drugs. These contributions of outstanding group of experts make this a very useful treatise of highly readable articles. Our felicitations and gratitude goes to them. The book will hopefully fulfill an important need of the scientific community by providing comprehensive reviews on cutting edge topics written by leading experts in the field.

We extend our warmest thanks to the staff of Bentham Science Publishers, particularly, to Mr. Mahmood Alam (Director), Ms. Taqdees Malik (Editorial Assistant) and Ms. Sadaf Idrees Khan (Composer) for undertaking the important task of closely coordinating with the contributors and preparing the content lists, index, etc.

Substance and Non substance Related Addiction Disorders: Diagnosis and Treatment is an accessible handbook about the two main types of addiction disorders. It is divided into three sections which cover 1) the scientific underpinnings of addiction disorders (neurobiology, addiction neural reward pathways, genetic and psychosocial basis of addiction, screening and treatment), 2) information about substances commonly used by addicts (pharmacology, diagnostics and treatment considerations) and 3) current understandings of the diagnosis and treatment of behavioral problems (such as gambling), respectively.

Key features:

-covers both substance abuse and behavioral problems

-uses a reader friendly format with a patient education handout style

-includes key learning points listed in each chapter

-includes clinical vignettes which outline brief history, evaluation, diagnostic considerations with successful pharmacological, psychological and social interventions

-includes references in each chapter

The handbook meets the information needs of medical students and professionals (family physicians, nurses, addiction therapists, psychiatry residents, and other health care professionals) interested in the primary care of patients afflicted with addiction disorders.

"Suicide and Predicament: the medical model of suicide is incomplete" takes a broad view of suicide. It argues that a large proportion of people who suicide do not have a mental disorder, and therefore it is essential to know about the predicaments of people. The book draws on sociology and takes issue with the medicalization of distress and suicide. It discusses genetics and draws attention to the importance of alcohol in suicide. It takes as examples, 127 suicide cases found in public record. Unique features include 1) predicament model, 2) pathways model, 3) typology of suicide, and 4) prevention initiatives.

The theory of summability has many uses throughout analysis and applied mathematics. Engineers and physicists working with Fourier series or analytic continuation will also find the concepts of summability theory valuable to their research.

The concepts of summability have been extended to the sequences of fuzzy numbers and also to the theorems of ergodic theory. This ebook explains various aspects of summability and demonstrates applications in a coherent manner. The content can readily serve as a useful series of lecture notes on the subject.

This ebook comprises of 8 chapters starting from classical sequence spaces and covering matrix transformations and fuzzy numbers. An accompanying bibliography with extensive references makes this a valuable source of information for readers interested in summability theory as well as other branches of science.

The considerable increase in numbers of students required to complete undergraduate dissertations as part of their curricula demonstrates a clear need for supporting academic staff from a wide variety of disciplines in this area. There has been limited research published in the realm of undergraduate supervision. Therefore, supervision of academic dissertations in an undergraduate setting still remains to be addressed in a comprehensive manner. The overarching theme of this reference work is the convergence of shared understandings, strategies and reflections of undergraduate supervisors from around the world, from many different subject disciplines. There is also a need today for a mapping of the current landscape of undergraduate supervision.

This text is presented through a series of case studies from a wide variety of subject disciplines in the sciences and arts and is enlightened by research perspectives; it comprises of a focus on development needs for supervisors of undergraduate students, using updated information, modeling exercises and interaction in the form of a series of individual activities, along with a selection geared at programme team development in preparing supervisors for their role, choice key readings, and exploration of online resources. This eBook is intended as a guide for academic staff across various disciplines who are involved with dissertation supervision. It is valuable to those in the early stages of their career who may be supervising for the first time; equally, it provides support, guidance and affirmation to those who have supervised over a number of years.

Inorganic materials have been used for biomedical applications since many decades. They have been utilized successfully because of easy and economic methods for bulk preparation and industrial manufacturing.

Surface modifications significantly improve the success of these materials and enable us to exploit their application in many innovative fields such as tissue engineering, dentistry, nanocarriers for drugs, medical diagnosis and antifouling technologies. This e-book provides comprehensive information on technologies for development and characterization of successful functionalized materials for biomedical applications relevant to surface modification. It is a suitable reference for advanced students and researchers interested in biomaterials science and medical applications of inorganic substances.

Campus activities for sustainable development are an effective way of learning and implementing sustainability in surrounding communities and industry. A college campus is an ideal place to practice and test new ideas and to learn valuable lessons from the results and mistakes. Sustainability Practice and Education on University Campuses and Beyond showcases many ideas and endeavors pursued on college campuses in the form of case studies. These case studies include past, current and projected activities to green college campuses.

Specific topics covered in this book include student-driven and college-driven environmental sustainability programs in undergraduate and graduate classes, issues in teaching environmental sustainability, the LEED certification of universities, issues of shrinking cities, and a comparison of sustainable military bases with college campuses.

Readers will be able to clearly understand the concept of sustainable development through a textbook approach to ‘crazy’ ideas presented in the book. In addition, the pedagogical challenges in sustainability education mentioned in the book address key issues arising due to the multidisciplinary nature of sustainability curricula.

Sustainability Practice and Education on University Campuses and Beyond is a good resource on sustainability in environmental science courses for college students, faculty and sustainability-related researchers. Decision makers in government and industry positions looking for ideas for promoting sustainable development can also benefit from the contents of this book.

The concept of sustainability is inherently multi-disciplinary because it concerns a complex system having economic, technological, ecological, political, and other perspectives. Consequently, any effort in the area of sustainability involves concepts, principles, and methods from engineering, the social sciences including economics and social psychology, the biological sciences including ecology, and the physical sciences. Sustainability: Multi-Disciplinary Perspectives discusses multidisciplinary aspects of the salient concepts, principles, and methods relevant to sustainability in a coherent and comprehensive manner. Topics covered range from green engineering and sustainability metrics to infrastructure and environmental policy.

The urgency of exploring alternative energy sources, especially in regions so detrimentally affected by current energy practices on environmental, humanitarian and political levels warrants a crucial effort in raising awareness and activism about renewable energy and sustainable development.

Sustainable Solar Energy Systems is a primer on the application of solar energy technology for sustainable development. This handbook starts with an introduction to basic concepts of solar energy, describes the mechanisms and benefits of related technologies, and presents a case study in an Arabian poultry farm. The book also includes details on how to conduct economic feasibility studies of solar power projects. The book is a suitable reference for general readers or students undertaking environmental science or engineering courses with specific modules on solar energy projects. Readers will be able to understand the benefits of solar energy systems in the context of an increasing concern about the use of renewable energy under conditions of global warming and declining fossil fuel reserves.

I joined NEC in 1968 and was assigned to the circuit development department of the computer division. My first work was the circuit design of the switching mode power supply (SMPS) for the mainframe of the computer system. My job area was expanded to development of the design rule and to standardization of all over the electric and electronics parts for the non-logic circuit. Non-logic circuit was categorized to except the gate-array which forms the logic circuit of the mainframe. The experiment of SMPS was considered to be dangerousness and no one wanted to design. Therefore, my development of the power supply system (PSS) including the circuit design of SMPS was continued. The electric current of the mainframe and the supercomputer was reached to several thousand amperes. The critical problem of PSS was the heat dissipation and the electromagnetic interference (EMI) against the logic circuit. In 1992, the full-scale R&D of EMC became necessary hastily. I was nominated and transferred to the chief managing researcher of the established EMC engineering center in NEC Laboratories. I had believed that the switching mode circuit (SMC) including the digital circuit and SMPS circuit will be improved greatly if the EMC problem is solved. However the deep R&D was difficult because the actual fruits in every year were required strongly. Therefore, his knowledge of the science concerning EMC was not deepened enough. However I could understand the actual status of technologies of the electronics and electrics widely and the basic knowledge about how to approach the science as well as R&D could be learned. During this time, I completed PhD course and received the PhD. degree from Kyushu University, lectured in Kyushu University and Tohoku University for one year each, and executed several national projects by the cooperation of his colleague in NEC and of the supporters in the industrial society and academia. These are considered to be my best harvest in NEC Laboratories. I had decided to continue R&D for solving EMC problem of SMC after his retirement and to try the commercialization of the fruit of R&D. I established ICAST which is the abbreviation of the innovative circuit and system technologies in 2005. The solitary electromagnetic (SEMW) theory was advocated and the novel technologies including the low impedance lossy line (LILL) and the matched impedance lossy line (MILL) were invented based on the SEMW theory.

Two purposes exist in this eBook. The first is to be validated the SEMW theory by the academia and the industrial society. The second is the contribution to the growth of the industry in the world by the technologies of LILL and MILL.

Synthesis and Applications of Semiconductor Nanostructures consists of 15 chapters that focus on synthesis, characterization and multifaceted potential applications of semiconductor nanostructures, metal organic frameworks (MOFs) and nanostructure impregnated metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Special materials included in the volume include doped glasses, functionalized carbon nanotubes, doped graphene and graphene nanoribbons. The contributions highlight numerous bottom-up and top-down techniques for the synthesis of semiconductor nanostructures. Several industrial processes such as hydrogen production, wastewater treatment, carbon dioxide reduction, pollution control and oxidation of alcohols have been demonstrated in the context of semiconductor nanomaterial applications. The volume also has chapters dedicated to updates on the biomedical applications of these nanomaterials. This volume is a timely resource for postgraduate students, academicians, researchers and technocrats, who are involved in R&D activities with semiconductor nanomaterials and metal organic frameworks.

Synthesis of Nanomaterials is a beginner's guide to the synthesis and characterization of biomaterials for medical devices and implants. It presents 8 chapters explaining the use of biomaterials in medicine and pharmacology. The concepts are explained with the guidance of specialists who present the principal techniques and methods to obtain high-performance polymers and composite materials.

Starting with an introduction to the subject, the book explains nanomaterials synthesis and progresses towards engineering applications. The chapters also cover modern biomaterials such as stimuli-responsive biomaterials, hydrogels, and self-healing materials.

One chapter is dedicated to computational and theoretical techniques in biomedicine and a final chapter covering microencapsulation for advanced drug delivery rounds up the contents.

Synthesis of Nanomaterials is a primary reference book for undergraduate and graduate students as well as professors involved in multidisciplinary research and teaching programs.

Systematic Architectural Design for Optimal Wind Energy Generation is a handy reference on the aerodynamic architectural forms in buildings for optimizing wind energy conversion processes. Chapters of the book cover the basics of wind energy generation and building design that make them more conducive for generating wind power, and in line with sustainable energy design goals.

Key Features:

- 7 chapters organized in a simple, reader-friendly layout

- A learning approach to the subject that highlights key concepts in architectural science and wind energy physics

- Introduces readers to the application of computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tools to visualize and simulate architectural forms under wind actions

- An objective focus on architectural forms is presented, including the role of the form in optimizing wind energy conversion and the negative effects of wind on certain forms

- Covers the building and positioning of different types of wind turbines

- References for further reading

Systematic Architectural Design for Optimal Wind Energy Generation is an essential reference for students of architecture at all levels, professional architects, as well as readers interested in green building design, renewable energy, and sustainability studies that pave the way towards proactive environment-friendly solutions.

Over the past decades, systems biology approaches have been applied in different areas of life science research including oncology. Researchers now understand the hallmarks of cancer cells such as abnormal cell growth, inflammation, dysregulated metabolic pathways and drug resistance properties at a molecular level. Systems biology approaches have enabled researchers to investigate cancer immunology by identifying cancer related biomarkers on immune cells, and to study the effect of different therapies in tissue cultures and mouse models.

Systems Biology in Cancer Immunotherapy explains the scope of systems biology in understanding the immune response to neoplasms. The book introduces readers to the concepts crucial to cancer immunology before delving into the applied systems biology topics such as the metabolic pathways in cancer cells, the biomolecular roles of signal transduction molecules and their respective biochemical pathways ad cancer immunotherapy. A brief conclusion at the end also provides some information from a clinical and commercial perspective on cancer immunotherapy.

This volume is intended as an introductory reference for life science and medical students, researchers and academics interested in the application of systems biology to the immune system in oncology research and chemotherapy practice.

Cancer is a disease responsible for several million annual deaths among humans, worldwide. However, advances in healthcare - which include breakthroughs in science and medicine as well as access to medical treatment - have improved the survival rate of cancer patients over the last few decades.

Therapeutic Revolution relates the story of one of the great scientific tales of the twentieth century: how the field of medical oncology was created and its subsequent development owing to medical and scientific breakthroughs. The book unfolds the pre-clinical and clinical concepts and innovations that led to the creation of the medical subspecialty now known as oncology.

Therapeutic Revolution is the first book ever written on the events that led to this subspecialty of internal medicine. It relates the recollection of key events obtained from interviews of the pioneers who laid the foundations of medical oncology, as well as the author’s own experience of the pre-specialty era of medical practice.

The eBook is essential reading for all readers interested in the history of cancer treatment and also serves as a historical primer for medical students learning oncology.

In the wake of the transformative global events since 2020, the economic landscape has undergone profound changes. Adapting to the new paradigms brought about by the pandemic requires innovative business models that seamlessly blend technology and offer hybrid online-offline services. This handbook is an essential guide for students and entrepreneurs navigating this evolving landscape. It equips readers with the knowledge and tools to create value and design effective online-offline business models that cater to the demands of the post-pandemic era.

Key Themes:

Technology-Service Management: Explore the concept of servitization, relevant frameworks, and the latest servitization trends that are reshaping industries.

Business Innovations: Learn how businesses have leveraged technology and service-oriented approaches to thrive during and after the pandemic.

Customer-Centric Models: Discover how to create business models that prioritize customer needs and preferences, effectively bridging the online and offline realms.

Value Innovation: Explore how the convergence of technology and services drives value creation and contributes to social welfare.

Real-World Examples: Gain insights from exemplary cases of servitization, illustrating how businesses have successfully overcome crisis situations. In an era defined by rapid change and uncertainty, this book empowers readers to harness the potential of technology-driven service models. Whether you're a student seeking to understand these shifts or an entrepreneur looking to adapt and innovate, this resource provides invaluable insights and practical guidance for the post-pandemic business landscape.

Environmental issues such as overexploitation, pollution and degradation of natural resources have prompted us to look for ways to devise sustainable practices across industrial and public service sectors. Researchers and scientists all over the world are involved in developing strategies and techniques that help us achieve a sustainable environment. Technology for a Sustainable Environment presents an overview of various methods and techniques that can be adapted to sustain the environment. Chapters focus on techniques such as bioremediation, nanotechnology and biotechnology that can play a very important role in achieving environmental sustainability goals. The chapters also provide a detailed account about use of biotechnology, nanotechnology and other techniques in achieving environmental sustainability. Additionally, the book includes a discussion about emerging technologies that promote environmental sustainability like green technologies, biodegradable polymers and plastics. Readers will be able to understand how modern technologies can help in monitoring environmental pollutants, remediation of environmental pollution and prevention of environmental degradation.

The book is suitable for readers, professionals and scholars at all levels who require an understanding of the technology in environmental science, environmental engineering and environmental biotechnology.

Terpenoids are commercially important chemicals found in essential oils and other natural plant sources. They are used in solving issues that affect agricultural production, making them a key component of sustainable agronomy.

Terpenoids: Recent Advances in Extraction, Biochemistry and Biotechnology provides information about the varied use of terpenoids in the control of pests, microbial diseases, ticks, and weeds. Chapters have prioritized terpenoids produced by plants, endophytic fungi, propolis, and geopropolis. The book also provides focused information about the functions of terpenoids in plants, as well as their biosynthetic pathways of production.

The reference provides readers with a broad and diverse picture of the applications of terpenoids in plant safety, and creates an awareness of the possibilities for innovative biotechnological approaches for their extraction that make all the difference to agricultural production.

Professionals and scholars involved in chemical technology, biotechnology and agriculture will benefit from the information provided in the book. It also serves as a comprehensive update for general readers interested in terpenoids and their current impact on the agricultural industry.

Text Analysis with Python: A Research-Oriented Guide is a quick and comprehensive reference on text mining using python code. The main objective of the book is to equip the reader with the knowledge to apply various machine learning and deep learning techniques to text data. The book is organized into eight chapters which present the topic in a structured and progressive way.

Key Features:

Introduces the reader to Python programming and data processing

Introduces the reader to the preliminaries of natural language processing (NLP)

Covers data analysis and visualization using predefined python libraries and datasets

Teaches how to write text mining programs in Python

Includes text classification and clustering techniques

Informs the reader about different types of neural networks for text analysis

Includes advanced analytical techniques such as fuzzy logic and deep learning techniques

Explains concepts in a simplified and structured way that is ideal for learners

Includes References for further reading

Text Analysis with Python: A Research-Oriented Guide is an ideal guide for students in data science and computer science courses, and for researchers and analysts who want to work on artificial intelligence projects that require the application of text mining and NLP techniques.

Textbook of Advanced Dermatology: Pearls for Academia and Skin Clinics is an essential reference for practicing dermatologists in hospitals and clinics. The book aims to provide interesting tips which cannot be found in traditional dermatology handbooks. The contributors include top minds in dermatology and related fields such as Joe Niamtu, Samuel Lam, and Steven Feldman. Topics in the book include novel, original formulations for topical compounds, ways to improve patient adherence to prescriptions, business tips, novelties in skin surgery, and solutions for preventing patient complaints and legal suits. The book also highlights the authors personal experiences gained over many years in improving everyday clinical dermatology practice.

The book is divided into 5 sections each representing pearls of advice: Teaching Pearls, Medical Pearls, Publication Pearls, Procedural Pearls, and Business Pearls, encompassing all of the broad realm of dermatology.

A major goal of integrative research is understanding regulatory networks to such an extent as to allow researchers to model developmental and stress responses. Regulatory networks of living systems include complex and vast interactions between proteins, metabolites, RNA, various signaling molecules and DNA. One aspect of systems biology is understanding the dynamics of protein-DNA interactions affecting gene expression that are caused by transcription factors (TFs) and chromatin remodeling factors. This e-book provides a resource for summarizing current knowledge eukaryotic transcription and explores cis-elements and methods for their analysis, prediction and discovery. The book also presents an overview of exploring gene regulatory networks, chromatin, and miRNAs. Information about state-of-the-art techniques for the determination of TF - cis-element interactions in vivo and in silico give cutting edge insights on how genomic-scale research is being approached. The Analysis of Regulatory DNA provides readers with both the necessary background knowledge and provocative, up-to-date insights aimed at sparking new and vibrant experimental designs for understanding and predicting cis-elements in the eukaryotic genome.

Edirne is a vibrant city of historical importance where civilizations have concentrated throughout the ages, with a unique architectural heritage. Constructions like the Selimiye Mosque from Sinan, the Old Mosque from the fifteenth-century, Üç Şerefeli Mosque, Sultan Beyazid II Mosque, and its many complexes, imarets (public soup kitchens), Dar al-Shifa (medical centers), hans (public inns), baths, bridges, caravanserais, are refined examples of Ottoman-Islamic art.

The Architecture Heritage of Edirne is an exploration of the city's architectural Heritage. approaching the past with a historical perspective through works from all the periods it has endured. Starting with the history of Edirne, the book goes into the details of the historical neighborhood, the central district and the historical architecture in the present day city. The book includes notes on the architecture in each notable district and their respective monuments and sites. This is followed by coverage of the architecture of Edirne's former districts. The book concludes with the author's understanding of Edirne's social and economic fabric, both in the past and present. This chapter details the traditional customs, dances, clothing and economic structure of the city.

The book is a ley reference for scholars and enthusiasts of urban history, architectural heritage and design, fine arts, humanities and social sciences. The breadth of information covered in the book also makes it a resource for anyone interested in Turkish cultural heritage studies.

Nanotechnology has revolutionized many fields and applications, such as medical diagnosis and treatment, water purification, and environmental protection. There is an art behind the synthesis of nanomaterials and their use in our daily lives. The Art of Nanomaterials takes the reader on a fascinating historical journey to learn how artistic inventiveness has influenced scientific innovation, from ancient Egyptian paintings to modern uses in healthcare and engineering.

Through 6 chapters, readers will be able to appreciate the history and significance of nanomaterials in modern technology, their role in medicine, environmental protection, and their relationship with water. It serves as a quick and simple reference for anyone who has a scientific background in natural sciences, or otherwise, who is interested in nanomaterials.

The Brain: A Systems Neuroscience Perspective is a comprehensive textbook designed for undergraduate students in neuroscience. It offers a detailed exploration of brain dynamics, spatial navigation, and the neuroscience of Alzheimer's disease, with an emphasis on understanding complex concepts through simplified mathematical models. The objective is to provide a solid foundation for readers in systems neuroscience.

Key Topics

Fundamental Brain Dynamics: Covers the basics of brain organization, neural systems, and the role of differential equations in neuroscience (Chapters 1-3).

Spatial Navigation: Discusses the neural mechanisms underlying spatial navigation and the geometry of neural maps (Chapter 4).

Alzheimer’s Disease: Presents a simplified mathematical theory of Alzheimer’s dementia, exploring its onset, progression, and potential interventions (Chapter 5).

Key Features

Accessible Approach: Minimizes mathematical complexity to make the subject approachable for readers with a basic understanding of differential equations.

Standalone Resource: Provides all essential knowledge on brain function, making it a valuable tool for both coursework and self-study. Includes references for advanced readers.

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected almost every part of the globe with millions of cases and over a million deaths. The pandemic has had a significant global economic impact and addressing it systematically requires significant efforts from researchers, healthcare workers and governments.

The COVID-19 Pandemic covers relevant aspects of this viral pandemic including information about the SARS-CoV-2 pathogen (morphology, genome, proteins, structural protein genes, replication), global epidemiology, transmission, risk factors, clinical manifestation, management, host immune response, pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapeutic agents (antivirals, natural compounds and vaccines). Readers will find basic and advanced knowledge about the disease organized into simple and easy-to-read chapters about the disease, making this book a handy and comprehensive reference for general readers, academics and biology students, alike.

The Chemistry inside Spices & Herbs: Research and Development brings comprehensive information about the chemistry of spices and herbs with a focus on recent research in this field. The book is an extensive 2-part collection of 20 chapters contributed by experts in phytochemistry with the aim to give the reader deep knowledge about phytochemical constituents in herbal plants and their benefits. The contents include reviews on the biochemistry and biotechnology of spices and herbs, herbal medicines, biologically active compounds and their role in therapeutics among other topics. Chapters which highlight natural drugs and their role in different diseases and special plants of clinical significance are also included.

Part I focuses on the general aspects of spice biotechnology, structure activity relationships and the natural products that can be used to treat different diseases - such as neurological diseases, inflammation, pain and infections. This part also covers information about phenolic compounds, flavonoids and turmeric supplements.

This book is an ideal resource for scholars (in life sciences, phytomedicine and natural product chemistry) and general readers who want to understand the importance of herbs, spices and traditional medicine in pharmaceutical and clinical research.

The Chemistry inside Spices & Herbs: Research and Development brings comprehensive information about the chemistry of spices and herbs with a focus on recent research in this field.

Experts in phytochemistry have contributed reviews with the aim to give the reader deep knowledge about phytochemical constituents in herbal plants and their benefits. The contents include reviews on the biochemistry and biotechnology of spices and herbs, herbal medicines, biologically active compounds and their role in therapeutics among other topics. Chapters which highlight natural drugs and their role in different diseases and special plants of clinical significance are also included.

Volume 3 covers several topics: the treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), managing rheumatoid arthritis and related inflammatory conditions, orchid-derived natural flavoring and therapeutic agent Vanillin, Silymarin's utility in treating hepatic diseases, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of Hygrophila spinosa, pharmacological and chemical aspects of Tulsi, Combretum caffrum as a potential anticancer molecule, and the roles of herbs in treating diabetes.

This book is an ideal resource for scholars (in life sciences, phytomedicine and natural product chemistry) and general readers who want to understand the importance of herbs, spices and traditional medicine in pharmaceutical R&D and clinical research.

Frontiers in Biomaterials: The Design, Synthetic Strategies and Biocompatibility of Polymer Scaffolds for Biomedical Application, Volume 1 highlights the importance of biomaterials and their interaction with biological system. The need for the development of biomaterials as scaffold for tissue regeneration is driven by the increasing demands for materials that mimic functions of extracellular matrices of body tissues. This eBook covers the latest challenges on the biocompatibility of scaffold overtime after implantation and discusses the requirement of innovative technologies and strategies for the development of materials with long-lasting scaffold and biocompatibility functions.

The contents of this eBook include chapters on cell-scaffold interactions in three dimensions, nanocrystalline diamond films for biomedical applications, bioceramics-design, synthesis and biological applications, polyester biomaterials for regenerative medicine, nanomaterials for skin regeneration and many more.

This book is a valuable resource for MSc and PhD students , academic personnel and researchers seeking updated and critically important information on biomaterials and biomedical applications.

The natural world can be viewed as a continuously changing complex system comprising variable units that do not conform to any stable plan. Within this framework, human evolution is not the story of the past that created Homo sapiens and then handed this account over to written history. It is the ongoing process that shapes us now and will shape us in the future, body and mind. We must understand it in order to survive and be able to direct it to our advantage. The Dynamic Human presents a general theory of how humans function as a multi-individual system embedded in the natural world. The authors employ a unified approach of systems theory to outline forces that direct ongoing human evolution and produce its outcomes in terms of the past, present and future. Readers will find a perspective on the human place in nature, through a brief account of the past human evolution over 10 million years ago, a discussion of the earliest appearance of humans some 2 million years ago, and a description of the mechanisms of the changes in the gene pool of humans from generation-to-generation. Understanding the forces involved in these mechanisms (physical and mental growth and development) may allow us to understand world better. The Dynamic Human presents a simplified perspective on human evolution for all readers interested in a discourse on the origins, nature and future of human beings.

This Ebook focuses theoretically, empirically and practically on a concept of the self that includes neurobiological, psychological and social dimensions in psychotherapy with adults. The theoretical perspective on the self that is developed in the Ebook can be the basis for how a therapist may use himself/herself professionally in a therapeutic relationship. It is expected that the book will be of interest to many persons in this field.

The Evolution of Radionanotargeting towards Clinical Precision Oncology is a remarkable book honoring Professor Kalevi Kairemo, who is known among academic and medical circles as a pioneer in novel radiolabeled therapeutics. This festschrift provides an overview of key advances in the field of radionanotargeting, and the directions for future development in patient care. Prof Kairemo's research is based on multiomics, which involves multiple elements: genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, microbiomics, epigenomics, exposome, imaging, and precision medicine, which is reflected by the unique collection of articles presented. The articles start from the angle of radionanotargeting and theragnostics leading to imaging and therapy, which includes sections for thyroid cancer, head and neck cancer, genitourinary cancers and neuroendocrine neoplasms. Theragnostics, nanoparticles and precision oncology have also been covered in their own segments, while also giving a glimpse of research in metabolic imaging, cardiovascular radionuclide imaging, and bone therapies. The sequence of chapters demonstrates how, through Professor Kairemo's efforts, radionanotargeting has evolved to a practice changing therapeutic approach in the clinic, particularly in oncology. Finally, Professor Kairemo's own memoir, Seven decades in health care and memoirs from colleagues including a personal introduction to him with a photographic cavalcade reveals the world of a multitasking person with a multidisciplinary approach to science, that ushered his development of significant expertise across the fields of chemistry, biology, engineering, physics and clinical medicine. This book is excellent for medical historians, trainees and specialists in clinical and radiological oncology in expanding their understanding of the role of radionuclide imaging over the years, making it an ideal tribute that belongs in the library of anyone involved in the field.