Bentham Science Publishers

This monograph is a collection of selected articles on the subject of mood disorders such as depression and schizophrenia. It is divided into 3 sections: 1) Research methods in psychopharmacology - which highlights some established experimental techniques to study mood disorders in human and relevant animal models, 2) Pathophysiology of mood disorders – which explains the physiological and pharmacological mechanisms responsible for mood disorders and 3) New strategies for the treatment of mood disorders – a concluding section that provides recent examples on the beneficial effects of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions in the relief of mood disorders. The e-book serves as a primer for graduate students and researchers interested in the physiology and treatment of affective psychological disorders.

NBE is the official journal of the Institute of Complex Medical Engineering (ICME). The journal promotes the best interdisciplinary research in neuroscience and biomedical engineering. NBE welcomes contributions in any domain of neural and biomedical engineering ranging in content from practical/clinical applications through experimental science, technological developments to quantitative and/or statistical methodology discussions. NBE publishes the following article types: original articles, research reviews, and book reviews.

The goal of this journal is to establish a new forum for this interdisciplinary field so neuroscientists and biomedical engineers can publish their research works in one periodical. NBE is devoted to bridge the gap between Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering , and to foster the mutual understanding in both fields.

Typical topics include, but certainly are not limited, to the following:
Neural Technology and Neural Rehabilitation
Neurology and Signal Processing
Biomedical Informatics
Biomechanics and Neural Control
Theoretical and Computational Neuroscience
Imaging Neuroscience

Key Features:

- Original research papers and special issues for topics
- Basic neurosciences, and biomedical engineering technologies
- Existing and potential clinical applications
- Periodic ‘Review Papers’ from world-recognized experts
- International scope
- No page charges
- Rapid publication times
- Free color in electronic version

Increasingly global and online social interactions and financial transactions involve digital data, computing devices and the internet. With cloud computing, remote computing, enterprise mobility and e-commerce on the rise, network security has become a priority. Selecting an appropriate algorithm and policy is a challenge for computer security engineers, as new technologies provide malicious users with opportunities to intrude into computer networks.

New Age Cyber Threat Mitigation for Cloud Computing Networks provides cloud and network engineers answers to cybersecurity challenges. It highlights new options, methodologies and feasible solutions that can be implemented in cloud architecture and IT Infrastructure, thereby securing end users. Chapters cover many topics related to cyber threats in the modern era.

These topics include:

Ransomware and DDoS attacks

Security algorithms

Design and implementation solutions for resilient and fault-tolerant cloud and network services

Security policy

End user data security The book is an essential resource for anyone involved in cloud computing and network security, including learners, professionals and enthusiasts.

New Avenues in Drug Discovery and Bioactive Natural Products is the second volume of the Natural Medicine book series. It is devoted to current research in drug discovery from natural sources. The volume features 13 chapters that cover modern analytical and scientific approaches. The book starts with chapters on advanced analytical and research techniques, such as genomic mining, quality control of herbal drugs, DNA fingerprinting, high-throughput screening, molecular docking and extraction techniques. The contributors provide a summary of challenges for researchers and commercial applications where possible. The book also features chapters dedicated to specific medicinal agents that target a disease (glycosides, SARS-CoV2 spike protein inhibitors, and andrographolides. The collection of important research topics in natural product chemistry aims to help the scholars and researchers in the scientific community that are involved in the extraction and development of new medicines.

This book is recommended for readers who are interested in or work with current theoretical and experimental research in medicinal chemistry, with an emphasis on computer aided-drug design and organic synthesis for therapeutic purposes. This book encompasses the multidisciplinary field of medicinal chemistry which overlaps the knowledge of chemistry, physics, biochemistry, biology and pharmacology.

New Drugs Targeting Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria: Recent Advances examines the molecular, pharmacological, and clinical dimensions of resistance development and highlights innovative therapeutic approaches aimed at overcoming multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs), providing an in-depth exploration of emerging strategies to combat one of the most urgent public health challenges of our time—antimicrobial resistance (AMR).

Beginning with the mechanisms underlying bacterial resistance such as β-lactamase production, efflux pump activity, and membrane protein modification, the text underscores the growing threat posed by ESKAPE pathogens and CDC-classified priority infections. Chapters also explore cutting-edge interventions including bacteriophage therapy, discovery of novel antibacterial compounds from natural sources, and the use of nanoparticles and quorum-sensing inhibitors to suppress bacterial virulence.

Further sections discuss carbapenemase-mediated resistance, emphasizing enzyme classification, detection strategies, and the importance of clinical microbiology in guiding antibiotic stewardship. By integrating one-health perspectives that consider human, animal, and environmental dimensions, this book presents a holistic roadmap for addressing resistance evolution through innovation and responsible antibiotic use.

Key Features

Examines the molecular mechanisms driving antibiotic resistance in key bacterial species

Explores bacteriophage therapy as a promising alternative to conventional antimicrobials

Discovers natural-source compounds and novel drug leads for future antibiotic development

Analyses carbapenemase-mediated resistance and clinical detection techniques

Evaluates new therapeutic approaches including nanoparticle-based treatments and quorum-sensing inhibition

Promotes the one-health approach to tackling multidrug-resistant organisms globally

Congenital heart diseases are the most common neonatal malformations, ranging from 8 to 15/1000 live births in various communities. Improvement of knowledge in the genetic and etio-pathogenic aspects of these malformations as well as the technical advances of diagnostic and therapeutic tools have brought about a significant improvement in overall long-term patient outcome over the last few decades. This e-book is an update on the most recent genetic, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of this pediatric cardiology. Specifically, the book explains, in detail, recent acquisitions in the field of interaction between the genome and heart development, advances in diagnostic non-invasive techniques and novel therapeutic applications of the percutaneous and "hybrid" cardiologic/surgical procedures. These developments in diagnostics and therapeutics will be extremely valuable for both pediatric and adult cardiologists treating patients with congenital heart defects.

The monograph is a summary of methods used to study pain receptors and the results obtained in some experiments designed to study the effect of non-opioid analgesics. The molecular mechanisms of nociceptive information control in primary sensory nociceptive neurons are described based on investigations of the membrane signaling cascade (opioid-like receptor → Na+,K+-ATPase → NaV1.8 channel) observed by the authors. Based on this data, the authors conclude that the modulation of NaV1.8 channels responsible for the coding of noxious signals can be carried out due to two novel targeting mechanisms. The first of these is the activation of opioid-like receptors; the second is the activation of Na+/K+-ATPase as a signal transducer. The development of a novel class of analgesics that trigger these mechanisms should lead to a successful solution to the problem of chronic pain relief.

Chapters of the monograph cover the general methods used in studying nociceptive pain (including the patch-clamp method), and the mechanism behind the binding of different ligands to these receptors such gamma-pyrones, gamma-pyridines and cardiotonic steroids.

This monograph is a valuable reference for neuroscientists, pharmacologists and allied researchers studying pain receptors for the development of safe and effective analgesics.

Terraforming is the process of modifying a planet, moon, or other body to a more habitable atmosphere, temperature, or ecology. The idea of terraforming or colonizing other planets has recently become a topic of intense scientific interest and public debate. Geoengineering and terraforming, at their core, have the same goal: to enhance or revive the ability of a specific environment to support human life, society, and industry. New Worlds: Colonizing Planets, Moons and Beyond examines extra-terrestrial colonization plans with a critical eye. The ten chapters of the book provide a detailed review of the demographic and economic reasons behind this space imperative, technical and ecological solutions to improve the settlement of our own planet, enhancements of our current space industry. The book also covers interesting topics such as the terraformation of Mars, the moon, and other planets like Venus, colonizing the outer solar system (and beyond), and the ethical considerations in favor of space expansion. This simple, yet informative treatise is an essential read for anyone interested in the subject of space colonization

Nitrogen containing compounds produced by industrial processes are pollutants which pose a significant environmental and health hazard. There are a number of processes that have been devised for removing nitrogen compounds from wastewater.

This reference book summarizes different denitrification methods for wastewater processing. The book introduces readers to toxic nitrogen compounds responsible for water pollution. This introduction is followed by chapters which explain different nitrogen removal methods including conventional methods, biological methods, food industry wastewater treatment and new approaches towards environmental pollution remediation: Bio Electrochemical Systems (BESs). This book is a handy reference guide for industrial and environmental engineers and students learning about wastewater management and industrial denitrification.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common cause of elevated liver enzymes and chronic liver disease in Western countries. NAFLD is characterized by elevated liver enzymes in the absence of alcohol consumption and secondary causes of liver disease. It is an independent predictor of future risk of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome (hypertension, abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance).

This book is a quick reference guide for medical students and professionals about NAFLD. Readers will find a summary of epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, imaging techniques, histopathology, and disease management. The book also presents information about NAFLD linked with hepatocellular carcinoma and guidelines for treating NAFLD in pediatric patients. Each chapter presents information in a simple, structured manner making this text an ideal handbook for supplementing hepatology modules in medical curricula.

Recent Advances in Analytical Techniques is a series of updates in techniques used in chemical analysis. Each volume presents information about a selection of analytical techniques. Readers will find information about developments in analytical methods such as chromatography, electrochemistry, optical sensor arrays for pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. Novel Developments in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis is the second volume of the series and covers the following topics:

o Chromatographic assays of solid dosage forms and their drug dissolution studies

o UHPLC method for the estimation of bioactive compounds

o HILIC based LC/MS for metabolite analysis

o In vitro methods for the evaluation of oxidative stress

o Application of vibrational spectroscopy in studies of structural polymorphism of drugs

o Electrochemical sensors based on conductive polymers and carbon nanotubes

o Optical sensor arrays for pharmaceutical and biomedical analyses

o Chemical applications of ionic liquids

o New trends in enantioanalysis of pharmaceutical compounds

Novel Drug Delivery Systems (Part 2) covers the advanced techniques and innovations transforming pharmaceutical sciences, with a focus on enhancing drug efficacy and patient outcomes. This comprehensive guide explores a wide array of delivery methods, including nasopulmonary, transdermal, ocular, nanotechnology-based, implantable, and controlled-release injectables. Each chapter provides an in-depth analysis of these unique delivery routes, presenting both foundational knowledge and the latest technological advancements in the field.

Designed for students, researchers, and professionals in pharmaceuticals and medicine, this book bridges basic concepts with cutting-edge practices, emphasizing the science and impact of controlled drug delivery.

Key Features:

- Detailed exploration of nasopulmonary, transdermal, ocular, and implantable delivery systems

- Insight into nanotechnology's role in drug delivery

- Comprehensive coverage of controlled-release injectables

Progress in Computational Physics is an e-book series devoted to recent research trends in computational physics. It contains chapters contributed by outstanding experts of modeling of physical problems. The series focuses on interdisciplinary computational perspectives of current physical challenges, new numerical techniques for the solution of mathematical wave equations and describes certain real-world applications.

With the help of powerful computers and sophisticated methods of numerical mathematics it is possible to simulate many ultramodern devices, e.g. photonic crystals structures, semiconductor nanostructures or fuel cell stacks devices, thus preventing expensive and longstanding design and optimization in the laboratories.

In this book series, research manuscripts are shortened as single chapters and focus on one hot topic per volume.

Engineers, physicists, meteorologists, etc. and applied mathematicians can benefit from the series content. Readers will get a deep and active insight into state-of-the art modeling and simulation techniques of ultra-modern devices and problems.

The third volume - Novel Trends in Lattice Boltzmann Methods - Reactive Flow, Physicochemical Transport and Fluid-Structure Interaction - contains 09 chapters devoted to mathematical analysis of different issues related to the lattice Boltzmann methods, advanced numerical techniques for physico-chemical flows, fluid structure interaction and practical applications of these phenomena to real world problems.

This textbook is intended as a guide for undergraduate and graduate students in engineering, science and technology courses. Chapters of the book cover the numerical concepts of errors, approximations, differential equations and partial differential equations. The simple presentation of numerical concepts and illustrative examples helps students and general readers to understand the topics covered in the text.

Numerical Methods and Implementation in Geotechnical Engineering explains several numerical methods that are used in geotechnical engineering. The first part of this reference set includes methods such as the finite element method, distinct element method, discontinuous deformation analysis, numerical manifold method, smoothed particle hydrodynamics method, material point method, plasticity method, limit equilibrium and limit analysis, plasticity, slope stability and foundation engineering, optimization analysis and reliability analysis. The authors have also presented different computer programs associated with the materials in this book which will be useful to students learning how to apply the models explained in the text into practical situations when designing structures in locations with specific soil and rock settings.

This reference book set is a suitable textbook primer for civil engineering students as it provides a basic introduction to different numerical methods (classical and modern) in comprehensive readable volumes.

Various estimates suggest that between 30-40% of all human cancers are related to dietary patterns. Strong epidemiological evidence from population and twin studies points to dietary constituents that either contribute or protect against the development of various forms of cancer.

This e-book reviews some traditional and relatively new areas of nutrition and cancer. Epidemiological data is combined with molecular biology research and, where available, clinical trial data. The emerging science of "Nutrigenomics" is discussed with chapters on the biological role of various nutrition components from red wine, peppers, green tea, fish oil, cruciferous vegetables, retinoids; and the intersection of nutrition and epigenetics in hematopoiesis.

This e-book will be of interest to researchers in the nutrition and cancer field, physicians in family and community medicine, internal medicine and oncology, as well as dieticians providing counseling to cancer patients and cancer survivors.

Nutritional Biochemistry: From the Classroom to the Research Bench aims to provide students and readers with a detailed, simplified, and comprehensive account of the relationship between nutrition and metabolism.

A key feature of this textbook is a comparative approach on the subject of nutritional biochemistry which helps to explain the differences in metabolism, nutrient requirement, and sometimes in the molecular pathways between mammalian and non-mammalian species.

Chapters give an overview of the need of food and water (chapter 1), before describing the cell and organ system components (chapter 2). The textbook then focuses on the regulation of food intake from the factors influencing appetite to the central and peripheral underlying mechanisms (chapters 3-5).

Water intake and regulation in the body are covered (chapter 6), along with key topics of protein, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism (chapters 7, 8, and 9), including their digestion, absorption, transport, utilization, synthesis, degradation, and molecular regulation. A brief summary concludes the book (Chapter 10).

This book serves as a textbook for students and faculty in beginner courses in biochemistry and nutrition and is designed to give learners a comprehensive understanding of the topic to help them when considering a career in research.

Unlock success in pharmaceutical exams with Objective Pharmaceutics: A Comprehensive Compilation of Questions and Answers for Pharmaceutics Exam Prep. This guide is meticulously crafted to tackle the challenges of pharmaceutics exams through a diverse range of questions. It covers multiple choice questions, concise one-liners, and true/false statements, mirroring the formats commonly found in drug inspector, pharmacist, GPAT, nursing exams, and more.

Key Features:

Exam-Ready Questions: Prepare for a variety of medical exams with more than 2000 carefully curated questions.

Diverse Testing Formats: Master multiple choice, one-liner, and true/false questions for a well-rounded exam readiness.

Broad Assessment: Tailored for drug inspectors, pharmacists, GPAT aspirants, and other medical professionals.

Build Thinking Capabilities: Progress from simple to challenging questions, enhancing critical thinking skills.

This thorough guide empowers you to learn the key topics in pharmaceutics and navigate the most challenging questions in your exam prep journey.

Ukot's Back to Basics MCQs: Obstetrics and Gynecology (Volume 1) is a structured single-best-answer (SBA) multiple-choice book designed to strengthen core knowledge in obstetrics and gynecology. Each MCQ presents a stem with four options, guiding learners to identify the best possible answer, while the companion notes provide detailed explanations to reinforce key principles and clinical reasoning.

The book covers essential topics in both obstetrics (including antenatal care, abnormal presentations, multiple pregnancy, labor complications, operative deliveries, hypertensive disorders, diabetes in pregnancy, hemorrhage, and the puerperium) and gynecology (including abnormal uterine bleeding, miscarriages, ectopic pregnancy, infertility, menstrual disorders, PCOS, STIs, contraception, fibroids, ovarian tumors, and cervical lesions). Supplementary chapters on differential diagnoses broaden clinical decision-making by addressing common and complex scenarios encountered in practice.

Key Features:

Presents SBA-format MCQs with clinically relevant stems and answers

Provides detailed notes explaining reasoning, management, and guidelines

Covers both obstetrics and gynecology comprehensively, from common to complex conditions

Includes chapters on differential diagnoses to sharpen diagnostic skills

Supports self-assessment, revision, and exam preparation in a practical format.

This comprehensive handbook delves into the essence of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS), exploring the dynamic interplay between regulations, practical methodologies, and the broader impact of OHS on organizations. The goal of the book is to help readers understand OHS practices in the workplace and how to implement a plan. 

Chapter 1 establishes the conceptual framework of OHS and provides a foundational understanding of the subject. Moving forward, Chapters 2 and 3 dive into the international and national legal requirements, giving a comparative overview of OHS legislation in the EU and specific regulations in Romania, Italy, and Spain. 

Chapter 4 introduces readers to risk assessment tools and the OHS management process, while Chapter 5 emphasizes the importance of performance monitoring and measuring. 

Chapter 6 presents a step-by-step risk assessment methodology. 

Finally, Chapter 7 explores the significant impact of OHS on overall company performance, integrating ergonomics and organizational resilience. 

Key Features: 

Combines theoretical insights with practical applications for academics and OHS professionals. 

Offers an up-to-date analysis of OHS regulations, with a focus on EU guidelines and specific regulations for Romania, Italy, and Spain. 

Provides knowledge on risk assessment tools and performance monitoring methods for effective safety measures. 

Highlights the essential relationship between OHS and company performance with real-world examples and a systems approach. 

The book is ideal for a wide range of readers, including OHS trainees, professional safety managers, policymakers, researchers and students studying OHS practices, safety regulations and its organizational impact.

Oesophago-gastric Surgery is a reference manual which addresses the core knowledge needs of surgical trainees in oesophago-gastric surgery as well as established consultants in oesophago-gastric surgery and other specialties. The book features a practical and user-friendly format for the benefit of undergraduate and professional readers. The editors have carefully included information that aligns with gastroenterology specialization curricula.

Chapters in the first part cover all introductory topics about oesophagal and gastric surgery including anaesthesia, perioperative care, nutrition and physiology. This part concludes with details on various disorders of the oesophagus, Barret’s oesophagus, and reflux disease.

Older Women: Current and Future Challenges of Professionals With An Aging Population is about older women and the unique challenges they face now and in coming decades. Elderly women face problems that require response from multiple service providers in the social welfare, health care and legal sectors. Due to the complexity of the various issues and the multi-systemic responses required to address these problems among diverse groups, an interdisciplinary perspective in a multicultural context needs to be examined. This book is an attempt to explain the multidisciplinary facets of social work with elderly women. Readers are also introduced to the ethical issues and challenges caused by economic disparities and are also provided with guidelines on potential responses and intervention strategies to such difficulties. Readers are also introduced to the concept of cultural competence in terms of working with aged women.

The integration of theory, research and practice in this book makes it a valuable resource for academicians and working professionals who are or will be in frequent contact with older adults.

Multiple biotic and abiotic environmental factors may constitute stresses that affect plant growth and yield in crop species. Advances in plant physiology, genetics, and molecular biology have greatly improved our understanding of plant responses to stresses. This book details on technologies that have emerged during the past decade and have been useful in studying the multigenicity of the plant abiotic stress response. Upstream molecular mechanisms are involved in the plant response to abiotic stress, above all in the regulation of timings and amount of specific stress responses. Post-transcriptional mechanisms based on alternative splicing and RNA processing, as well as RNA silencing define the actual transcriptome supporting the stress response. Beyond protein phosphorylation, other post-translational modifications like ubiquitination and sumoylation regulate the activation of pre-existing molecules to ensure a prompt response to stress factors.

The text in this book deals with the importance of -omics approaches like Genomics, Metabolomics and Proteomics in abiotic stress tolerance. Large scale analytical approaches provide detailed information about the structure and complexity of signaling networks, identify subsets of genes or activities that are correlated to given stress factors and reveal unexpected or previously uncharacterized biochemical interactions.

To the best of our knowledge no book on -Omics studies in relation to Plant Abiotic Stress Tolerance is available in the market. This book should therefore be a valuable asset for the readers.

The Microfabrication technology has stimulated a plurality of lab-on-a-chip research for biomedical researchers and health care practitioners to manipulate and analyze complex biological fluids at the nano and microliter scale. Specifically, various miniaturized diagnostic devices have been developed for blood sample detection, which can increase diagnostic capacity significantly by enabling rapid, point-of-care chemical analysis. Recently, more and more researchers are paying attention to on-chip whole blood sample pretreatment, which is the focus of this eBook, aiming to form real Micro Total Analysis Systems (uTAS) for whole blood analysis by integrating blood sample pre-treatment and detection together.

The eBook consists of six chapters. Chapter 1 gives a brief introduction on the background of whole blood and the concept of µTAS, followed by a summary of specific microfluidic chips for whole blood pretreatment. Chapter 2 firstly reviews microfluidic chips for plasma isolation from whole blood samples with various methodologies (i.e., microfiltration, microcentrifugation, ultrasound, Zweifach–Fung effect and capillary effect). Then two examples using the plasma skimming effect and crossflow filtration respectively are discussed in detail. Chapter 3 firstly reviews microfluidic devices for blood cell filtrating, sorting and collection. Sorting methods such as size filtration, optical and magnetic manipulation, affinity separation, dielectrophoretic manipulation are covered and compared. Then a case study using crossflow filtration is analyzed in detail. Chapter 4 firstly reviews reported microfluidic devices for blood cell lysis in which mechanical lysis, sonication lysis, thermal lysis, electrical lysis, chemical lysis and optical lysis are covered. And then a cell lysis microchip using chemical agents for cell lysis is chosen as an example for further concept demonstration. Chapter 5 firstly reviews microfluidic devices for DNA extraction and purification by comparing reported methods of solid phase extraction, solid phase reversible immobilization and liquid/liquid extraction. And then two microchips with different solid phase matrixes are used for demonstration of chip based DNA extraction. Chapter 6 firstly reviews current integrated microfluidic platforms for blood pretreatment, followed by a case study.

Both fundamental analysis and specific applications are presented in this eBook, which is written for researchers, engineers, and advanced students who have research interest in whole blood pretreatment and miniaturized techniques.

We would like to express our appreciation to Bentham Science Publishers and their team members.

The internet provides a major source of exchanging health information through online portals and new media. Internet users can access health sites and online forums to obtain health information. In turn, these information sources act as a catalyst for wellbeing and improving personal health care behaviors and routines. Competent health institutions encourage the development of these individual behaviors that enable individuals to increase health empowerment and to take responsibility for their own health needs, diagnosis and treatment.

Online Health Forums and Services: Benefits, Risks and Perspectives is an investigation of the use of online health forums and services. The author first introduces the reader to the theories that define online social behaviors in terms of health care services. The chapters following this introduction attempt to account for the variations in online health care portal use and to what extent does social networking induce variations in health behaviors grounded in theory. A summary of media used for affecting health behavior change is also provided along with a discussion of the socioeconomic attributes of the individuals most likely to be affected in terms of their health behaviors.

The book provides a comprehensive perspective that links the aspects of the micro-level use of the Internet for health purposes (accessing health related websites, participation in health forums and networking sites) to the macro level practices of telemedicine. Readers will be able to understand the social and health characteristics of the different groups of patients and estimate the extent to which individuals in need of health and medical information are taking advantage of the availability of information and communication platforms to improve their health, or if they are being left behind. This is a timely reference for healthcare professionals, researchers and consultants involved in digital health care initiatives and public health administration who are seeking information about how access to online health information can influence lifestyles in a way that impacts human behavior in a positive, meaningful way.

A Quantum system can be viewed as a larger closed system comprising of two components: an open quantum system and its surrounding environment. These two components interact with each other, and in the realm of theoretical physics, this interaction cannot be neglected. This eBook explains mathematical and statistical concepts essential for describing a realistic quantum system by presenting recent contributions in this field. The book commences by explaining of the basics of quantum mechanics, statistical physics, and physics of open quantum systems. Detailed methods of deriving theoretical equations with explicit analytical coefficients with respect to open quantum systems are also explained. The book concludes with the study of a quantum heat converter in the framework of an all-microscopic theory involving fermions, photons, and phonons.

Readers of this book will gain a better understanding on the following topics:

• Quantum mechanics including the Boson and Fermion states, Fermi-Dirac and Bose-Einstein statistics, spin-statistics relation, many-body systems of Bosons and Fermions, the Fermi-Dirac integrals of the Fermion state densities, and transport phenomena in semiconductors

• Dissipative dynamics and quantum systems such as friction, diffusion, friction-diffusion relation, mobility, occupation probability dynamics, damping, spectral width, correlation and autocorrelation, memory, stability, bifurcation, self-organization, and chaos

'Lindblad's theory of open quantum systems through the work of Alicki and Lendi

• Quantum tunneling as an interaction with a system.

• Optical bistability, including the fundamental contributions of Carmichael, McCall, and Bonifacio.

• Master equations based on the microscopic theory of Ford, Lewis, and O'Connell.

• Field propagation in a semiconductor structure

• Coherent light propagation in the framework of a microscopic model including the refractive index and the Raman frequency shift.

• Heat conversion in the framework of an all-microscopic model of open queantum systems

• Entropy dynamics in a matter field system.

This volume presents a clear understanding of the quantum mechanics of particles with reference to the current understanding of theory of relativity, gravitation, and electromagnetism, including essential phenomena as spin, the graviton spin, black holes, and the quantum particle states in the extreme conditions of a black hole formation, and of the Schwarzschild boundary. The reader is introduced to the recent theory of the quantum particle dynamics as a distribution of matter propagating with the velocity of the waves. The text describes this distribution by a Fourier space-time series expansion, which we call the wave function. The subsequent chapters delve into the mechanics of quantum particles in a gravitational field, charged particles in a gravitational field and finally, the least action and matter-field dynamics in a gravitational field. The book also explains important rules in quantum mechanics such as the mass quantization rule, Dirac's formulation of the general theory of relativity, electromagnetic field theory, quantum particle interactions and more. The volume serves as a concise introduction to the complex topic of quantum particle mechanics for scholars involved in advanced physics courses.

Brazil has emerged as a significant financial and industrial power in recent times. Brazil is poised to become a significant player in the field of biotechnology, internationally, by taking advantage of circumstances not available in other countries, particularly its native biodiversity. This will, in turn, have an effect on commercial and entrepreneurial opportunities in the region.

Topics covered in this text include adjustments that must be made in the regulatory framework to assure the success of business investment. This investment is crucial for training R&D scientists and developing new technologies. The book also covers a debate on transgenic plants which had political ramifications in the region and slowed the adoption rate of genetically modified organisms by almost a decade. The opportunities for commercialization of recombinant DNA technologies in the country are also presented.

Opportunities and Limitations For Biotechnology Innovation In Brazil presents a concise overview of the biotechnology industry in Brazil and will be of great interest to a wide range of readers including researchers, biotechnology graduates, as well as both local and international investors.

This handbook covers Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCT-A) with a specific focus on choroidal and vitreoretinal disorders. It serves as an invaluable resource for teaching and aiding daily clinical decision-making in the field. Book chapters dissect the fundamentals of angiography through OCT, offering guidance on OCT-A and insights into macular perfusional findings across various vitreoretinal and choroidal pathologies. From diabetic retinopathy to autoimmune diseases and neovascularization, the book addresses prevalent vascular entities encountered in routine practice. Furthermore, it explores innovative approaches, including antivascular endothelial growth factor molecules and extended-release delivery devices, contributing significantly to the diagnostic and decision-making processes in clinical and surgical retina care. Each chapter is contributed by experts in the relevant subspecialty.

Key Features:

Practical, patient-centered guide emphasizing a clinical approach.

Demonstrative clinical cases for enhanced understanding.

Evaluation of perfusional indices using noninvasive and noncontact imaging techniques.

High histopathological correlation of structural tissue characterization with microvascular evaluation.

Exploration of new perfusion concepts and their role in disease pathogenesis.

Part 1 of the book focuses on OCT-A principles and applications in ophthalmology. It covers the basics of OCT-A, its contributions to eye disease study and treatment, and a comparative analysis with OCT for choroidal and vitreoretinal diseases. Additional information on nomenclature, normative datasets, and data analysis, presenting indices in different eye conditions is also presented. The emphasis is on macular perfusion in surgically resolved myopic foveoretinal detachment, postoperative evaluation in retinal detachment, and long-term analysis in diabetic retinopathy.

Vector optimization is continuously needed in several science fields, particularly in economy, business, engineering, physics and mathematics. The evolution of these fields depends, in part, on the improvements in vector optimization in mathematical programming. The aim of this Ebook is to present the latest developments in vector optimization. The contributions have been written by some of the most eminent researchers in this field of mathematical programming. The Ebook is considered essential for researchers and students in this field.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of current knowledge about research in oral infections and their association with cardiovascular diseases. Several epidemiological, clinical and other scientific aspects are covered in this book through the work of medical experts.

The detailed accounts in this book are of great value to readers in the scientific community, practitioners, teachers and students in relevant fields, and health-care planners.

Ordinary Differential Equations and Applications II: With Maple Illustrations integrates fundamental theories of Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) with practical applications and Maple-based solutions. This comprehensive textbook covers vector-valued differential equations, matrix solutions, stability methods, and periodic systems. Using Maple and MapleSim software, readers learn symbolic solutions, plotting techniques, 2D/3D animation for ODE problems, and simulations for engineering systems.

This book is ideal for undergraduate and postgraduate students in mathematics, physics, economics, and engineering, as well as researchers and professionals needing advanced applications of ODEs. Key Features:

- Comprehensive introduction to ODE concepts and real-life applications

- Solutions for initial value problems using Maple and MapleSim software

- Analysis of stability using Routh-Hurwitz and Lyapunov methods

- Models of neural firing, avian influenza, and biological populations

- Practical guidance on MapleSim for multi-domain simulations, code generation, and Monte Carlo simulation

Organic Spectroscopy: Technology and Applications is an essential guide to the principles and practices of spectroscopy in organic chemistry. This comprehensive text covers the fundamentals of the electromagnetic spectrum, UV-visible, infrared (IR), Raman, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and mass spectrometry, providing a structured approach to understanding each technique`s role in molecular analysis. Designed for students and professionals alike, the book emphasizes problem-solving and structural analysis, offering a methodical progression through each technique to build practical expertise. Illustrated with detailed diagrams and real-world spectra, the text also includes solved examples to reinforce learning and enhance application skills.

Key Features:

- Comprehensive coverage of core spectroscopy techniques: UV-visible, IR, Raman, NMR, and mass spectrometry.

- Step-by-step explanations and problem-solving techniques for structural analysis.

- Numerous illustrations and spectra for visual learning.

Organoid Technology: Disease Modelling, Drug Discovery, and Personalized Medicine covers organoid technology emerging as a transformative platform in biomedical research. Chapters explain in detail the physiologically relevant in vitro 3D models that closely mimic human tissues and organs. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the development, application, and future potential of organoids in modern life sciences. It highlights the critical applications in disease modeling, regenerative medicine, and high-throughput drug screening.

Key Features:

Covers organ-specific organoid development and bioengineering methods

Discusses integration with emerging technologies such as nanotechnology

Includes insights into personalized medicine using patient-derived organoids

Covers details about the current regulatory and ethical landscapes in organoids-based research.

Thalassemia is one of the most common genetic diseases in the world. It has a relatively higher incidence in Mediterranean and Middle Eastern countries and presents a major public health and social challenge. This monograph updates the reader on the dental and orofacial characteristics of thalassemia major in Arab populations. Since very few detailed studies on these topics among Arabs have been published, the monograph attempts to bridge the knowledge gap in this area. Clinical, radiographic and odontometric features of the typical thalassemia major patient are clearly described in this book.

Key Features

- Provides a ready reference for dental and orofacial features in thalassemia major including a review of appropriate dental care

- Covers the pathogenesis, systemic complications, morbidity and mortality, management, and prevention of thalassemia major.

- Provides guidelines for optimal dental care.

- Covers special topics such as epidemiology, consanguinity, hematologic diagnosis, genetic testing, literature review, diet and nutrition, cost of treatment, and prevention

- Includes colored photographs, radiographs, drawings, tables, and 2 plates to illustrate examples and information

- Provides references for further reading

This monograph is a handy reference for medical and dental students, and caregivers on the subject of clinical dentistry in thalassemia patients.

"Orthodontic Treatment of Class III Malocclusion is a clinical textbook which highlights both research findings as well as clinical treatment of patients with Class III malocclusions. The volume equips readers with a critical review of present information about 1) the craniofacial biology behind various treatment strategies, 2) Diagnosis and treatment planning in both growing and non-growing Class III patients and 3) Contemporary orthodontic appliances using implants and miniscrews.

The book is divided into sections proving evidence-based research on the following aspects of Class III malocclusions: the genetic and epigenetic factors contemporary diagnosis and treatment planning for patients early treatment of Class III problems treatment of Class III problems in the adolescents surgical treatment of adult Class III patients treatment of Class III problems in patients with craniofacial anomalies

Orthodontic Treatment of Class III Malocclusion will empower clinicians with a sound knowledge about rationale for using certain treatment modalities and will help both general practitioners and specialists such as pediatric dentists and orthodontists to use this information for their daily practice."

This comprehensive compendium unravels the intricacies of three common and daunting skeletal disorders: osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis. These ailments afflict people across all age groups, demanding a deeper understanding of their diagnostic, prognostic, preventive, and therapeutic dimensions. It presents seven key topics written by medical experts that explore research on these diseases: Chronic Lung Disease and Osteoporosis An exploration of the intricate link between chronic lung ailments and osteoporosis.

AI Detection of Knee Osteoarthritis Recent use of artificial intelligence aiding knee osteoarthritis identification. Inflammatory Signalling in Rheumatoid Arthritis Covers the role of cytokines and chemokines in the context of rheumatoid arthritis. Vitamin D, Immune System, and Bone Health Unveils the vital implications of Vitamin D on the immune system and bone health. Bone Water and Hydration Effects A review of the impact of drugs on bone hydration status through the lens of bone water. Dietary Patterns and Rheumatoid Arthritis An analysis of the connection between dietary habits and rheumatoid arthritis. Quality of Life in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients (Chapters 112-130): An examination of the self-perceived quality of life in Rheumatoid Arthritis patients, comparing South Asian and British White populations. This knowledge-rich treatise is a valuable resource for patients and their families battling these skeletal ailments. It's equally beneficial for medical students, orthopedists, researchers, and anyone eager to grasp the complexities of these widespread skeletal pathologies.

With an increase of the population of elderly people in modern society due to advances in medicine and healthcare facilities, there is also an increase in the incidence and duration of chronic illnesses. Similarly, advanced age is considered a significant determinant of depression and poor quality of life. Additionally, the provision of therapies relevant to chronic diseases addresses the issues beyond the concept of cure, bringing to the center the need for a dignified quality of life of patients. An increased interest in quality of life is observed in patients who suffer from chronic diseases, including those with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). End-stage kidney disease patients have a high burden of disease affecting their quality of life and dramatically shortening their life expectancy. Therefore, exploring quality of life issues among such patients becomes an essential task in the management of this population. This volume is written by researchers with a well-rounded understanding of the characteristics and impact of ESKD and provides a penetrating practical discussion to date of alternative approaches for comprehensively measuring the burden of end-stage kidney disease. Outcomes Assessment in End-Stage Kidney Disease focuses on the impact of this complex and exacting condition on patients and those that care for them. It also examines the economic impact of ESKD and the healthcare policy implications of this disease. It also brings comprehensive and thoughtful insights into the issues confronted by patients with ESKD to readers interested in nursing or medical caregiving, geriatrics and health psychology.

The considerable proliferation of new glasses during the second half of the 20th century (germanate,

vanadate, bismuthate, tellurite, chalchogenide glasses, etc.) brought about the use the plural form of the

4

generic glass denomination, in order to be able to index each emerging glass family by its proper name, as

well as to classify them methodically. Together with its great compositional versatility, the peculiar

characteristics of glass (non-crystalline structure with short-range order, continuous network with no

intergranular boundaries, isotropy, easy to be formed into a plastic state inside a wide temperature range)

allow for a freedom of design and adaptability that few materials are able to offer. All these circumstances

have contributed to the fact that, in the last seventy years, glass has acquired the multiple and varied

appearance of its new families, without losing neither its original image nor its soda-lime-silica traditional

composition, destined for the huge industrial manufacture of its conventional products.

Oxygen is historically entwined from its discovery with radical applications as a panacea by charlatans and by daring men constructing bridges using underwater caissons. Oxygen has made possible the exploration of the depths of the oceans beginning with hard-hat diving suits and extending to scuba gear, underwater habitats and submarines as well as space exploration. Molecular oxygen is critically involved in health and disease in more ways than any other element. It is essential for metabolism of food to nourish our bodies. Understanding its biological and chemical nature helps us to understand the effects of exercise, vitamins and supplements, and drugs used for cancer therapies.

Oxygen, the Breath of Life is a comprehensive reference on the historical, biological, chemical and medical aspects of oxygen. Readers, both laymen and experts, will gain knowledge of the basics of oxygen chemistry, how it functions in the human body, the role of oxidants in the development of various diseases. Chapters contain historical notes which highlight the discoveries of pioneering researchers.

Pain is a significant medical problem, as it is a factor in many diseases and debilitating conditions. The processing of pain in the body is a complex process which involves nerve signaling in the milieu of biochemical, molecular and genetic interactions occurring in the brain and other parts of the body. Pain, as a spokesperson of real and impending injury, outlives its usefulness as a warning signal and instead becomes chronic and excruciating. The transition of the realization of pain up to the cortical processing as a persistent condition represents an intricate process governed by the interaction of various factors. Research on humans and animals has led to the advent of personalized medicine where every patient can be treated according to the set of genes they possess. However, the genetic basis for pain has largely been undefined so far. Research on epigenetic alterations and micro-RNA (miRNA) in relation to the assessment and prevention of pain is still in infancy.

Pain: Causes, Concerns and Consequences focuses on pain in human diseases such as cardiac and non-cardiac disorders. This compendium on pain research offers basic information and useful updates on the pathology, genetics, and biomolecular pathways that cause pain. Additionally, readers will also learn about non-pharmacological therapies for pain. The monograph is a handy guide for medical students and doctors in different divisions such as oncology, surgery, neurology, psychiatry, psychology, physiotherapy and chiropractic care. The book also serves as a guide for life science researchers who are planning to develop methods to study pain in either a clinical or laboratory setting.

This book introduces the most recent research findings on selected parasitic weeds that occur in Jordan and are also spread in Middle Eastern countries. It is a valuable source of information for researchers, students as well as farmers, giving readers a better understanding of these regional parasites and their unusual growth patterns. The book set consists of two volumes. The first volume includes information about genera which are typically known as root parasites. These genera are Orobanchaceae, Santalaceae, and Cynomoriaceae families. The second volume covers stem parasites of the Cuscutaceae, Loranthaceae and Viscaceae families. The detailed information presented in this set makes this an essential reference on weeds and parasitic plants in Jordan and Middle Eastern regions.

Key Features:

- Chapters cover the biology, ecology, distribution, economic significance, host ranges, and control methods of a variety of regional weeds in an organized way

- It includes information on parasitic families, genera and species that are found in Jordanian flora and their hosts.

- It also provides coloured photos of weeds

- Presents the latest techniques for plant pest management

- Provides references for further reading

- Includes a glossary and appendix suitable for beginners

Passive Location Method Based on Phase Difference Measurement presents groundbreaking information for developing passive positioning technologies. The author has put forward a series of innovative solutions from the perspective of engineering application theory with the aim of giving a basic understanding of the application of unambiguous phase difference localization techniques for long-range passive detection.

On the basis of the existing linear solution of the double basis path difference positioning equation and the analysis of its intrinsic properties, this book starts from the study of the phase difference measurement method of the phase difference change rate, puts forward the concept of the differential function of the path difference per unit wavelength length and also discovers its jump law. It provides a possible way to solve the problem of unambiguous phase difference measurement. These results are of great significance to the development of passive localization techniques based on unambiguous phase difference measurement.

Key Features:

- Sequentially presents theoretical frameworks to build the readers knowledge for better understanding the topics

- Presents a variety of unique method for solving kinematic positioning parameters and Doppler signal parameters by using unambiguous phase difference measurement.

- Presents a variety of direction-finding and ranging methods based on short baseline array and using unambiguous phase difference measurement technology, and exhibits the method of constructing long baseline two-station direction finding and ranging with short baseline array

- Presents a variety of two-station passive positioning methods based on angle measurement which are beneficial to improve the positioning accuracy on the basis of studying the relationship between the phase difference and angle

- Presents the means to convert Doppler detection to the non-fuzzy phase difference measure, for the localization problem in which it is difficult to use the phase difference localization equation directly, since the accuracy of the phase difference measurement is better than that of the Doppler frequency difference

- Presents a variety of new positioning methods and several novel concepts while demonstrating the theoretical exploration of passive location problem based on unambiguous phase difference measurement

This reference is a resource for scholars, engineers and technicians involved in radio positioning research and the improvement of radar, satellite navigation systems, unmanned systems and Internet of Things infrastructure.

Pathways to Green Nanomaterials: Plants as Raw Materials, Reducing Agents and Hosts is a comprehensive guide that explores the fundamental aspects, synthesis methods, and various applications of nanomaterials derived from plants. This book is designed for postgraduate researchers, engineers, and scientists in the fields of materials science, biotechnology, and chemical engineering, as well as other disciplines involved in nanomaterial production and applications.

The book delves into different plant-mediated nanomaterials, analyzing their synthesis mechanisms and discussing the regulation and application prospects of plant synthesis. It covers topics such as nanocellulose, biochar materials, plant exosomes, polyphenol nanoparticles, and the phytotoxicity and uptake of nanomaterials by plants. Additionally, it explores the research progress and applications of plant virus nanoparticles in the medical field, including drug delivery, molecular imaging, and vaccine preparation. Readers will be familiarized with the synthetic methods, characterization, and applications of green nanomaterials, paving the way for future studies on plants and their phytochemical constituents.

With its comprehensive coverage of plant-derived nanomaterials and their diverse applications, Pathways to Green Nanomaterials: Plants as Raw Materials, Reducing Agents and Hosts serves as a valuable resource for researchers seeking to understand the potential of plants as sustainable sources for nanomaterial production.

Pediatric Anesthesia: A Guide for the Non-Pediatric Anesthesia is a comprehensive, contemporary reference that addresses all aspects of pediatric anesthesia. Both students and medical practitioners - novice and experienced - will find invaluable educational and practical information in this book. The book covers the subject in two parts.

Part I covers basic information about pediatric and neonatal anatomy and physiology, pharmacology, emergency room and operating room procedures and surgery. Chapters on general anesthetic procedures in emergency rooms, operational theatres and common surgeries.

Part II covers advanced topics for practicing healthcare professionals which include anesthesia for patients with a range of common and uncommon comorbidities, considerations for critically-ill patients, genetic disorders, pain management, COVID-19 guidelines for anesthesia, patient safety and research.

Key features:

- Basic and advanced information about pediatric and neonatal anesthesia covered in 25 chapters over two parts

- Simple and organized presentation for learners

- Contributions by expert clinicians and researchers

- Special topics included such as considerations for patients with comorbidities and genetic disorders

- References for further reading

- Detailed illustrations and tables

The text is an essential reference for scholars and professionals affiliated with general anesthesiology and surgery specialties at all levels who want to understand anesthesia for pediatric patients.

This book explores a variety of topics that fall in the realm of psychological and behavioral economics. It demonstrates to the reader how to perform straightforward experiments in order to understand how people think about the economic aspects of their daily lives.

Behavioral economics is a 'hot new area' of economics and consumer psychology. This book provides a comprehensive guide on consumer research and the types of results required. These approaches are spreading further around the globe, thanks to the work of Dr. Howard Moskowitz, one of the authors of this book, and the incredible success of Selling Blue Elephants. In other words, the book is just slightly ahead of a sea change in consumer research, and may be one of the 'tipping points'. (Coincidentally, Malcolm Gladwell, the bestselling author, is a great admirer of Dr. Moskowitz)

In Perinatal Cardiology, fetal cardiology experts provide key information on tools for fetal evaluation through echocardiography / cardiac ultrasonography, with a primary focus on the nature and prenatal detection of structural and functional cardiac heart defects (CHDs). In this two-part book, readers will find details about different types of fetal cardiac abnormalities along with important updates on the diagnosis, management, planning delivery, and postnatal treatment in CHD cases. This information is supplemented with guidelines for the clinical management of patients with a fetus affected by cardiovascular defects, and surgical procedures in neonates.

Key Features:

-presents information gathered by experts in perinatal cardiology, organized into 26 topic-based chapters

- explores the cardiac development, fetal cardiovascular hemodynamics, genetic and environmental factors associated with congenital heart defects (CHD), perinatal management, planning delivery, and postnatal treatment of newborns with CHD

- presents information about normal cardiac functions and heart defects to give readers a clear and detailed picture of abnormal cardiac function

- presents information about perinatal ultrasound physiology

- gives practical guidelines for ultrasound and echography parameters required for evaluating fetal heart anatomy and diagnosing diseases

- includes a new system of classifying prenatal CHDs based on the stratification of the risk level of care

- features a straightforward and accessible style of presentation suitable for all readers

- provides references in each chapter for further reading

Part 1 of this two-part set covers the basics of perinatal cardiology which chapters that introduce readers to CHD classification, fetal heart and placental physiology and pathology, diagnosis of fetal cardiac malposition and anomalies and some congenital heart defects such as septal defects, cardiac anomalies of the left and right sides, conotruncal anomalies and aortic arch anomalies.

Perinatal Cardiology is an essential reference for postgraduate medical students seeking to improve their knowledge of fetal and pediatric cardiology as part of their residency and professional training. The book equips readers with the information necessary to understand the role of the perinatal cardiologist and goes further to facilitate the ability to perform adequate risk assessments for fetal CHD.

This book introduces personalized immunotherapy with multi-dimensional models of analysis to determine the best plan for immunotherapy of patients. The book introduces readers to some basic concepts which lay the foundation for personalized immunotherapy: the development of a major histocompatibility complex (MHC), the genome profile of T cells and tumor cells, and genome-wide association studies. Chapters also cover special topics such as new immunoassay methods related to personalized immunotherapy and targeted immunotherapy which are geared towards familiarizing readers with current research practices. Focusing on the central theme of personalized immunotherapy, the authors provide a wealth of information about T-cell screening, tumor neoantigen cloning, primary tumor cell culture for T-cell cloning, bioinformatics strategies for understanding T-cell and primary tumor cell biology and function, and new developments in research on adoptive T-cell immunotherapy. These developments include T-cell gene therapy and T-cell gene editing, transgenic T-cells for increasing affinity to tumor cells such as CAR T-cells and TCR T-cells, and the systematic modeling of polyclonal specific T-cells and biobank technology.

Key Features:

- Introduces readers to basic concepts in personalized medicine and immunotherapy

- Presents current information about immunological assays used in research

- Presents an overview of T cell immunotherapy and cloning techniques

- Presents an overview of tumor cell bioinformatics and its role in immunotherapy

- Includes new developments and references for personalized immunotherapy techniques (T-cell gene therapy and T-cell gene editing, transgenic T-cells which target CAR T-cells and TCR T-cells, and polyclonal T-cell modeling)

- Includes a section on biobanking

- Presents information in an easy-to-read format for a wide range of readers

- Brings contributions from experts with over 30 years of experience in personalized immunotherapy

Personalized Immunotherapy for Tumor Diseases and Beyond is an ideal handbook for medical professionals and students involved in personalized medicine, immunology and oncology. General readers interested in the new developments in these fields will also benefit from the information provided.