Bentham Science Publishers

Hydraulic Power Plants is a textbook for engineering students which explains the construction of hydraulic power plants. The book presents the theory of the working process for each part, i.e. the kinematics and molecular dynamics of liquids flowing through hydraulic machines and systems. The information is presented in a simple manner necessary for understanding their operational conditions and basic numerical relationships. The chapters explain concepts with several drawings and charts to aid the reader, along with relevant specifications, working examples and solved problems, which can be applied in designing practice and maintenance of hydroelectric power plants, pumping stations and pump installations.

Hydraulic Power Plants emphasizes the need of young engineers to acquire knowledge about efficiency in using the tools for the study and design for components of hydraulic power plants such as turbines, pumps and penstocks in a straightforward format, making it an ideal reference for introductory hydraulics and mechanical engineering courses.

Hypercalcemia is a relatively common disorder, which requires specific treatment in order to control symptoms and prevent the development of organ damage. Primary hyperparathyroidism and malignancy are responsible for most cases of hypercalcemia, and treatment has therefore been focused towards these two areas.

The aim of this book is to present updated knowledge on hypercalcemia, its association with renal disorders, and benign and malignant diseases, diagnostic methodologies, as well as surgical and medical treatment. Insights into the etiology, pathogenesis and pathophysiology of hypercalcemia are included along with details on biochemical findings and ways to monitor complications and therapy. Suggestions on current imaging techniques and surgical treatment of hypercalcemia, are also presented. The book presents an overview on the pharmacology of anti-hypercalcemic drugs, also providing information on new drugs and future perspectives.

The book will serve as a comprehensive reference source for oncologists, nephrologists, endocrinologists, clinicians, biochemists and pharmacologists, as well those involved in hypercalcemia management and research.

This book presents a series of clinical and pathologic observations that are thought to contribute to progressive incremental severity in neuronal cell loss and tissue atrophy in the cerebral cortex. The book includes a critical reappraisal of lesions in conditions such as Alzheimer's disease. Common disorders such as cardiovascular disease appear to be prime inducing agents in neurodegenerative diseases. These observations should help researchers to reevaluate the investigative approach towards diseases of the central nervous system. The style follows the current text adopted by morphologists in terms that allow for further investigation by research workers. The text represents an attempt to generate a refreshing viewpoint of end stage CNS disorders that follow a long pre-clinical pathogenic course implicating common generically related and interacting etiologic agents. This book is meant to be a useful guide for researchers and clinicians interested in the development and treatment of CNS disorders.

Illustrated Pediatric Dentistry is intended to be a guide to undergraduate and postgraduate students in their understanding of pediatric dentistry.

This textbook is modernized with the latest information and techniques in pediatric dentistry. The chapters cover primary pediatric dentistry, its clinical aspects, preventive dentistry, and information about the latest trends in the specialty. The text will equip readers with the knowledge suited to the changing environment of this vital domain. This textbook's editor has over forty-four years of teaching experience in pediatric dentistry and gives their broad perspective through the book content. This book is also the amalgamation of the thoughts of numerous subject experts of international repute.

Part 1 of this book features information about the developmental psychology of a child, dental caries, craniofacial growth and development, growth of the maxilla and mandible, dentition and occlusion, and oral mucosa.

Key Features:

- The 15, structured chapters keep the latest trends of the subject in mind

- The book content is illustrated with quality clinical images,

- Chapters cover contemporary concepts of problems experienced when treating multiple dental disorders

- The contributions exhibit distinct clinical expertise and the capability of imparting inimitable knowledge to budding professionals

- The book includes modern and current state-of-the-art techniques used in the clinic

- Topic outlines help to quickly review and easily locate content. Also, the Contents of the book are well structured and presented in a very lucid manner, making it easy to understand for students.

Illustrated Pediatric Dentistry is intended to be a guide to undergraduate and postgraduate students in their understanding of pediatric dentistry. This textbook is modernized with the latest information and techniques in pediatric dentistry. The chapters cover primary pediatric dentistry, its clinical aspects, preventive dentistry, and information about the latest trends in the specialty. The text will equip readers with the knowledge suited to the changing environment of this vital domain. This textbook's editor has over forty-four years of teaching experience in pediatric dentistry and gives their broad perspective through the book content. This book is also the amalgamation of the thoughts of numerous subject experts of international repute. Part 3 covers several topics relevant to practical dentistry such as, pediatric crowns, prosthetic management, pental pulp, pediatric endodontics, (including regenerative medicine and instruments), traumatic dental injuries, sports dentistry, Systemic Fluorides, (like SDF) and pit and fissure sealants. Special topics like fental caries vaccine and post-COVID dental practice round up this book. Key Features: - The 18, structured chapters keep the latest trends of the subject in mind - The book content is illustrated with quality clinical images, - Chapters cover contemporary concepts of problems experienced when treating multiple dental disorders - The contributions exhibit distinct clinical expertise and the capability of imparting inimitable knowledge to budding professionals - The book includes modern and current state-of-the-art techniques used in the clinic Topic outlines help to quickly review and easily locate content. Also, the Contents of the book are well structured and presented in a very lucid manner, making it easy to understand for students.

Embedded imaging devices such as digital still and video cameras, mobile phones, personal digital assistants, and visual sensors for surveillance and automotive applications make use of the single-sensor technology approach. An electronic sensor (Charge Coupled Device/Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor) is used to acquire the spatial variations in light intensity and then use image processing algorithms to reconstruct a color picture from the data provided by the sensor. This book is devoted to cover algorithms and methods for the processing of digital images acquired by single-sensor imaging devices. Typical imaging pipelines implemented in single-sensor cameras are usually designed to find a trade-off between sub-optimal solutions (devoted to solve imaging acquisition) and technological problems (e.g., color balancing, thermal noise, etc.) in the context of limited hardware resources. The various chapters of this book cover all aspects of algorithms and methods for the processing of digital images acquired by imaging consumer devices; this includes all processing stages. The e-book is intended as a detailed resource for visual and imaging systems engineers.

This volume covers research on the interaction of major helminth parasites with the immune system. The main focus of the e-book is the ability of helminths to subvert host immune responses, on the one hand. On the other hand, the immunological armamentarium of the host against invading parasites is described also in the light of new findings on innate and adaptive immunity. These include the discovery of a new category of lymphocytes, innate lymphoid cells, and the role of T helper cels such as Th1, Th2 and Th3 cells, T regulatory (Treg) and Th17 cells in helminth diseases and inflammation. The balance between these two T cell subsets during the various stages of helminth diseases is also discussed. The book concludes with a review of new therapeutic approaches to combat helminth parasites (biotherapy, vaccines and natural products).

Immunity to Helminths and Novel Therapeutic Approaches provides updated information for medical students, clinicians and researchers in the fields of parasitology, applied immunology and novel drug delivery.

In Memory of Ethics: A Dissection of Ethical and Social Issues in Pakistani Professional Healthcare Practice explores the ethical challenges faced within the healthcare sector with a focus on Pakistan. From workplace behaviors to medical procedures, COVID-19 era dilemmas, and broader social health concerns, the book explores the intricate intersection of ethics and healthcare in the region.

The book is divided into five sections. Section I covers topics such as workplace behaviors and ethical conducts while section II covers medical procedures, and patient-doctor relationships. Section III addresses the unique ethical challenges brought forth by the COVID-19 pandemic, including guidelines for therapists and the ethics of mandatory vaccinations. Section IV examines the impact of social media on healthcare, gender discrimination, and the ethical considerations surrounding prisoner rehabilitation. The final section offers insightful essays on ethical and social Issues, covering topics like body shaming, free healthcare, and patient privacy. The editors also explore controversial topics, including euthanasia, abortion, and assisted reproductive technology.

The key feature of this book is that it provides a comprehensive coverage of diverse ethical dilemmas in healthcare. Furthermore, it is an attempt to give a subjective understanding of healthcare ethics through thought-provoking essays shedding light on contemporary ethical issues in a Pakistani context. The contributors have incorporated real-world examples and case studies to illustrate ethical principles in action.

In Memory of Ethics: A Dissection of Ethical and Social Issues in Pakistani Professional Healthcare Practice book is essential reading for anyone interested in understanding complex ethical and social issues and promoting integrity in healthcare practices.

This book is a comprehensive review of secondary metabolite production from plant tissue culture. The editors have compiled 12 meticulously organized chapters that provide the relevant theoretical and practical frameworks in this subject using empirical research findings. The goal of the book is to explain the rationale behind in vitro production of secondary metabolites from some important medicinal plants. Biotechnological strategies like metabolic engineering and the biosynthesis, transport and modulation of important secondary metabolites are explained along with research studies on specific plants. In addition to the benefits of secondary metabolites, the book also aims to highlight the commercial value of medicinal plants for pharmaceutical and healthcare ventures. Topics covered in this part include: 1. Elicitation Strategies and Metabolic Engineering to boost metabolite production with case studies in metabolic engineering with examples of Scaevola Taccada and Catharanthus Roseus. 2. Stress response investigation and the role of glandular trichomes as bio-cell factories 3. Plant growth regulators and rapid regeneration techniques using swift plantlets regeneration and phytochemical characterization 4. Nutraceuticals, antimicrobials, and genomic applications of in vitro cultures with an example of Hassawi rice and its genomics 5. Sustainable approaches for saving endangered medicinal plants The book caters to a wide readership. It primarily prepares graduate students, researchers, biotechnologists, giving them a grasp of the key methodologies in the secondary metabolite production. It is a secondary reference for support executives, industry professionals, and policymakers at corporate and government levels to understand the importance of plant tissue culture and maximizing its impact in the herbal industry.

Globalization has emerged as one of the key social, political and economic forces of the twenty-first century, challenging national borders, long established institutions of governance and cultural norms and behaviors around the world. Yet how has it affected education? The series explores the complex and multivariate ways in which changing global paradigms have influenced education, democracy and citizenship from Latin America, Europe and Africa to Asia, the Middle East and North America. It seeks to unearth how these changes have manifest themselves in daily classroom experiences for teachers and administrators the world over and how recent events might influence future change.

This book explores a revolutionary sensing technique called Indicator Displacement Assays (IDAs). It is designed to provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of the conceptual foundation and wide-ranging applications of IDAs. The book aims to fulfill a crucial gap in the existing references on the subject.

The content starts by explaining fundamental concepts, design strategies, and the scope of IDAs. Subsequent chapters elaborate on the intricate molecular recognition of various analytes, offering insights into sensing mechanisms for cationic, anionic, and neutral molecules. The design and construction of colorimetric, fluorescence, and metal complexing IDAs are also thoroughly explored in later chapters, followed by recent extensions of IDAs, including enantioselective indicator displacement assays, intramolecular indicator displacement assays, reaction-based indicator displacement assays, and more. Innovative applications of IDAs, such as sensory arrays and electrochemical sensors, are also discussed in detail, providing a comprehensive understanding of their conceptual foundations and practical implementations.

The book is a primer on IDAs for researchers who want to understand the fundamentals of the technique, as well as postgraduate students aiming to specialize in supramolecular and analytical chemistry.

This book is a compilation of knowledge about computer models in the three-phase stator reference frame. Chapters explore several aspects of the topic and build upon research previously presented by contributors. The book aims to provide interesting solutions to problems encountered in the design of railway and analysis in railway motors. The modeling approaches proposed by the authors in this book may become an incentive for readers and researchers to develop their ‘lifehacks’ to solve new problems in induction motor design and testing.

Key topics presented in the book:

- Approximate calculations of induction motor equivalent T-shaped circuit parameters with the use of catalogue data

- Simulations of different types of shaft load, including fluid coupling

- Receiving static characteristics of an electric machine during simulation by means of dynamic model

- Simulation of the electric drive’s specific applications with three-phase induction motors building

- Direct start of an induction motor as part of an auxiliary drive of an AC electric locomotive, containing a capacitor phase splitter, starting with different types of shaft loads (fan or compressor).

Special attention has been given to the description of the thermal model of an induction motor with a squirrel-cage rotor, which makes it possible to simulate operating modes when powered by an unbalanced voltage, as well as with squirrel cage defects. The thermal model is presented as a detailed superstructure to the model of electromechanical processes of an induction electric machine.

Other key features of the book include references for further reading, an appendix for the parameters of the equivalent thermal circuit of an NVA-55 induction motor.

The material presented in the book is of interest to railway motor engineers, specialists in electromechanics and electric drives who use SPICE-compatible CAD applications in their work.

This volume is a comprehensive guide to the industrial use of polymer composites. Edited contributions demonstrate the application of these materials for different industrial sectors. The book covers the benefits, future potential, and manufacturing techniques of different types of polymers. Contributors also address challenges in using nanopolymers in these industries. Readers will find valuable insights into the current demand and supply of polymer composites and future scope for research and development in this field of polymer science. The volume presents seven chapters, each exploring a different application of polymer composites. Chapter 1 discusses the use of polymer additives for improving classical concrete and the workability and durability of polymer composite concrete. Chapter 2 explores the use of polymer nanocomposites in packaging, including smart/intelligent packaging, modified atmosphere packaging, and vacuum packaging. Chapter 3 delves into the use of polymer composites in tissue engineering, including manufacturing techniques and various applications. Chapter 4 explores energy storage applications for polymer composites, while Chapter 5 discusses their use in microbial fuel cells. Chapter 6 explores the use of carbon nanotubes in polymer composite gas sensors. Finally, Chapter 7 discusses the use of polymer composites in automotive applications. This is an ideal reference for researchers, scientists, engineers, and professionals in the fields of materials science, polymer science, engineering, and nanotechnology. The content is also suitable for graduate and postgraduate students studying industrial manufacturing.

This volume is a compilation of reviews on the industrial usage of soil microorganisms. The contents include 15 brief reviews on different soil microbe assisted industrial processes. Readers will be updated about recent applications of soil bacteria, fungi and algae in sectors such as agriculture, biotechnology, environmental management.

The reviews also cover special topics like sustainable agriculture, biodiversity, ecology, and intellectual property rights of patented strains, giving a broad perspective on industrial applications of soil microbes. The text is easy to understand for readers of all levels, with references provided for the benefit of advanced readers.

Industrial Applications of Soil Microbes is a compilation of reviews on the industrial usage of soil microorganisms. Readers will be updated about recent applications of soil bacteria, fungi and viruses in sectors such as agriculture, biotechnology, environmental management.

Volume 4 includes review on mycorrhizal fungi, endophytes and a range of microbial chemicals and processes beneficuall at industrial scale. The 19 chapters start with an overview of mycorrhizae as biofertilizers, their symbiosis with plants, and their applications in improving crop yield, stress management, and soil health. Case studies on Lycopersicon esculentum highlight practical benefits. Soil microbes, endophytes, and microbial proteases are discussed for their role in biocontrol, disease management, and crop improvement. The volume also explores eco-friendly nematicides, viruses in temperate fruit crops, mushrooms' nutritional value, and metagenomics for bioinoculants. Overall, the volume emphasizes sustainable practices and future prospects involving microbes and microbe-assisted processes.

This volume showcases upcoming trends and applications that are set to redefine our technological landscape. Chapters comprise referenced reviews focused on the recent research that introduces new methods and techniques for using AI in Industry 4.0, and the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) to drive new industrial processes. The contributors have discussed challenges in industry 4.0 along with the applications and the way it is shaping different industries.

Key themes:

AI in Communication Media: Uncover the latest research, with insights into the challenges and adoption of AI in remote processes.

New AI Techniques for Industry 4.0: Learn about technologies such as blockchains and applications of machine learning, deep learning, and image processing.

IoT and AI for Smart Systems: Understand IoT with a special focus on enhancing smart systems, in different industries, including agriculture and transaction processing

Explorable AI: Gain a quick understanding of Explainable AI (XAI) and its role in improving the predictability and transparency of IoT applications.

Whether you're a tech enthusiast, researcher, or industry professional, this book offers a glimpse into the innovative world of Industry 4.0 and its intersection with AI, IoT, big data, and cloud computing.

This second installment in a two part series delves deeper into practical applications and domain-specific implementations of industry 5.0 principles, particularly in smart agriculture, next-generation manufacturing, and green computing.

Through a multidisciplinary lens, the book examines the fusion of intelligent systems, medical IoT, and sustainable practices that contribute to societal well-being. Structured across three major themes—smart farming, current-era manufacturing, and green computing—the chapters provide in-depth analyses of enabling technologies, evolving methodologies, and real-world case studies. The narrative emphasizes co-evolution of industrial and social needs, encouraging readers to explore the transformative potential of AI, IoT, and Industry 5.0 innovations.

Key Features

• Analyzes AI-driven innovations in agriculture and sustainable food systems

• Explores medical IoT, intelligent diagnostics, and healthcare transformation

• Gives an understanding of Industry 5.0's impact on predictive maintenance and smart factories

• Applies green computing and deep learning for sustainable development

• Bridges theory and practice through real-world use cases and emerging solutions

Herbal Medicine: Back to the Future compiles expert reviews on the application of herbal medicines (including Ayurveda, Chinese traditional medicines and alternative therapies) to treat different ailments. The book series demonstrates the use of sophisticated methods to understand traditional medicine, while providing readers a glimpse into the future of herbal medicine.

This volume presents reviews of plant based therapies useful for treating different infectious diseases. The list of topics includes some niche reviews in this area including a review of the neem plant, the historical use of herbs in infectious disease therapy in Russia, and natural remedies from garlic, among other topics., The topics included in this volume are:

- Improving anti-microbial activity of allicin and carvacrol through stabilized analogs and nanotechnology

- Plant phenolics as an alternative source of antimicrobial compounds

- Herbal medicine in Russia’s history: the use of herbal medicine for infectious diseases in Russia’s history

- Azadirachta indica (neem) in various infectious diseases

- Contribution of novel delivery systems in the development of phytotherapeutics

This volume is essential reading for all researchers in the field of natural product chemistry and pharmacology. Medical professionals involved in internal medicine who seek to improve their knowledge about herbal medicine and alternative therapies for tropical and other infectious diseases will also benefit from the contents of the volume.

Influenza is one of the most ancient and intriguing diseases that has been accompanying our civilization for millennia. While mankind has successfully defeated many dangerous influenza infections in the last couple of centuries, influenza control remains a serious problem for public health. A number of influenza vaccines and antiviral compounds have been licensed in recent times. However, the influenza virus is still ahead of us, as it continues to persistently infect humans to this day. Influenza: A Century of Research shows how influenza virology has developed historically and the tremendous knowledge that has been uncovered in the study of influenza. In this monograph, the authors present a historical perspective on influenza, chronologically, with an emphasis on its virology. Chapters cover information about the isolation of the first influenza viruses, substrates, and models for studying influenza, structure, and life cycle of the influenza virus, mechanisms of attenuation and virulence. Chapters progress into the multidisciplinary aspects of influenza research such as influenza virus ecology and the evolutionary origin of epidemic and pandemic influenza viruses. A significant part of the book also covers the description of the prevention and treatment of influenza and reasons that have contributed to insufficient control for influenza. The questions of how the COVID-19 pandemic affects the circulation of seasonal respiratory viruses, and if we can eliminate this virus are also addressed.

Influenza: A Century of Research is an informative source of information for a broad range of readers, academic or otherwise, who are interested in knowing more about the disease.

Infrared thermography (IRT) is a non-contact, non-invasive methodology which allows for detection of thermal energy that is radiated from objects in the infrared band of the electromagnetic spectrum, for conversion of such energy into a visible image (such as a surface temperature map). This feature represents a great potential to be exploited in a vast variety of fields from aerospace to civil engineering, to medicine, to agriculture, etc. However, IRT is still not adequately enclosed in industrial instrumentation and there are still potential users who might benefit from the use of such a technique and who are not aware of their existence.

This e-book conveys information about basic IRT theory, infrared detectors, signal digitalization and applications of infrared thermography in many fields such as medicine, foodstuff conservation, fluid-dynamics, architecture, anthropology, condition monitoring, non destructive testing and evaluation of materials and structures. The volume promotes an exchange of information between the academic world and industry, and shares methodologies which were independently developed and applied in specific disciplines.

Inositol and its phosphates are ubiquitous across most life forms, wherein they play important roles in cellular integrity and functions such as signal transduction, DNA damage repair ion transport and mRNA transport. This reference details the biochemistry and industrial applications of inositol and its phosphate derivatives. Topics covered in this book include the use of inositol and its hexaphosphate (IP6) for numerous health benefits – as antioxidants, as an anti-cancer drug, for the management of atherosclerosis, diabetes, osteoporosis, Alzheimer’s disease, sickle cell anemia, and even in fighting tooth decay. Readers will also learn about Industrial applications of Inositol including preservation of food and wine, nanotechnology, lithium ion battery, fuel cell technology etc.

Inositol & its Phosphates: Basic Science to Practical Applications is a valuable reference for any researcher or aspiring biomedical professional seeking to know more about this fascinating metabolite.

This discourse on the concept of the ‘new university' encompasses a number of interconnected topics, ranging from the impacts of the market forces on the old academic territory to current perceptions about relationships between teachers and students. The book focuses on the inside features of the new academia. Some examples of issues and questions covered include:

- New media in education, which present opportunities and challenges for both learning students and teachers. But are these new possibilities for all, or just for members of the current ‘internet generation'? Moreover, How can new media be arranged to support a process of generic, collaborative learning?

- A discourse on the ‘new student'. Nowadays, terms such as rationality and ‘Bildung' have emerged coupled with a trend for searching for shortcuts and denying one's interests in deeper understanding of subjects. But does there really exist a new student on a qualitative level?

- Free dialogue has been brought forward by many educationalists as one important way to promote academic knowledge. How does free dialogue really contribute to this objective?

The e-book relates such issues to the specific features of the ‘new university'. For a broad insight into the issues forming the education of the future generation, Inside the New University offers important clues for the understanding of the ‘new university' concept to readers - including educationalists and government policy makers - interested in the qualitative evolution of contemporary educational institutions.

Building information modelling (BIM) is a set of interacting policies, processes and technologies that generates a methodology to manage the essential building design and project data in digital format throughout the building's life cycle. BIM, makes explicit, the interdependency that exists between structure, architectural layout and mechanical, electrical and hydraulic services by technologically coupling project organizations together.

Integrated Building Information Modelling is a handbook on BIM courses, standards and methods used in different regions (Including UK, Africa and Australia). 13 chapters outline essential information about integrated BIM practices such as the BIM in site layout plan, BIM in construction product management, building life cycle assessment, quantity surveying and BIM in hazardous gas monitoring projects while also presenting information about useful BIM tool and case studies. The book is a useful handbook for engineering management professionals and trainees involved in BIM practice.

Researchers involved in product development are expected to create a final product which is market ready. For products developed through a partnership between universities and commercial organizations, the technology transfer process is a fundamental bringing the final product into the market. One aspect of this process is the concept of intellectual property – the right of ownership to innovative ideas that drive product development. Ideas, being intangible, are distinct from products and these can be patented to control their commercial usage.

This manual is a primer on intellectual property regulation and technology transfer between university and industrial organizations. This book is concise reference for students, researchers, professors and anyone who is creating or developing products and learning the basics of the technology transfer process. The book also serves as a resource for technicians who want to learn more about how ideas are commercialized and protected in markets.

Intelligent Computational Systems presents current and future developments in intelligent computational systems in a multi-disciplinary context. Readers will learn about the pervasive and ubiquitous roles of artificial intelligence (AI) and gain a perspective about the need for intelligent systems to behave rationally when interacting with humans in complex and realistic domains.

This reference covers widespread applications of AI discussed in 11 chapters which cover topics such as AI and behavioral simulations, AI schools, automated negotiation, language analysis and learning, financial prediction, sensor management, Multi-agent systems, and much more.

This reference work is will assist researchers, advanced-level students and practitioners in information technology and computer science fields interested in the broad applications of AI.

Intelligent Systems for IoE Based Smart Cities provides simplified information about complexities of cyber physical systems, the Internet of Everything (IoE) and smart city infrastructure. It presents 11 edited chapters that reveal how intelligent systems and IoE are driving the evolution of smart cities, making them more efficient, interconnected, and responsive to the needs of citizens.

The book content represents comprehensive exploration of the transformative potential and challenges of IoE-based smart cities, fueled by Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) innovations.

Key Topics:

Physical layer design considerations that underpin smart city infrastructure

Enabling technologies for intelligent systems within the context of smart computing environments

Smart sensors and actuators, their applications, challenges, and future trends in IoE-based smart cities

Applications, enabling technologies, challenges, and future trends of IoE for smart cities.

The integration of Artificial Intelligence, Natural Language Processing, and smart cities for enhanced urban experiences

machine learning-based intrusion detection techniques for countering attacks on the Internet of Vehicles

Smartphone-based indoor positioning applications using trilateration and the role of sensors in IoT ecosystems

IoT, blockchain, and cloud-based technology for secure frameworks and data analytics

Blockchain and smart contracts in shaping the future of smart cities.

This is a timely reference for researchers, professionals, and students interested in the convergence of IoT, intelligent systems and urban studies into smart city planning and design.

This volume explores diverse applications for automated machine learning and predictive analytics. The content provides use cases for machine learning in different industries such as healthcare, agriculture, cybersecurity, computing and transportation.

Key highlights of this volume include topics on engineering for underwater navigation, and computer vision for healthcare and biometric applications.

Chapters 1-4 delve into innovative signal detection, biometric authentication, underwater AUV localization, and COVID-19 face mask detection. Chapters 5-9 focus on wireless pH sensing, differential pattern identification, economic considerations in off-grid hybrid power, high optimization of image transmission, and ANN-based IoT-bot traffic detection. Chapters 10-12 cover mixed-signal VLSI design, pre-placement 3D floor planning, and bio-mimic robotic fish. Finally, Chapters 13 and 14 explore underwater robotic fish and IoT-based automatic irrigation systems, providing a comprehensive overview of cutting-edge technological advancements.

The book is a resource for academics, researchers, educators and professionals in the technology sector who want to learn about current trends in intelligent technologies.

Interest Rate Modeling for Risk Management introduces a theoretical framework - the ‘real-world’ model - that allows us to estimate the market price of interest rate risk based on practical and real life situations. The model can be briefly summarized as a process of estimating the market prices of risk through discretization of forward rates with a ‘space-state setup’ whilst considering historical data trends. The book starts with a brief explanation of interest rate stochastic analysis fundamentals before delving into standard models such as Heath-Jarrow-Morton, Hull-White and LIBOR models. The real-world model is then explained in subsequent chapters while applying different frameworks. Additionally, the book also explains some properties of the real-world model, along with the negative price tendency of the market price for risk and a positive market price for risk (with an example of this actually occurring). Readers will also find a handy appendix with proofs to complement the numerical methods explained in the book.

This book is intended as a primer for practitioners in financial institutions involved in interest rate risk management. It also presents a new perspective for researchers and graduates in econometrics and finance on the study of interest rate models.

International Journal of Sensors, Wireless Communications and Control publishes timely research articles, full-length/ mini reviews and communications on these three strongly related areas, with emphasis on networked control systems whose sensors are interconnected via wireless communication networks.

The emergence of high speed wireless network technologies allows a cluster of devices to be linked together economically to form a distributed system. Wireless communication is playing an increasingly important role in such distributed systems. Transmitting sensor measurements and control commands over wireless links allows rapid deployment, flexible installation, fully mobile operation and prevents the cable wear and tear problem in industrial automation, healthcare and environmental assessment. Wireless networked systems has raised and continues to raise fundamental challenges in the fields of science, engineering and industrial applications, hence, more new modelling techniques, problem formulations and solutions are required.

International Journal of Sensors, Wireless Communications and Control is an international, peer-reviewed journal on wireless communication networks, published quarterly (print & online) by Bentham Science Publishers.

With the explosion of video and image data available on the Internet, desktops and mobile devices, multimedia search has gained immense importance. Moreover, mining semantics and other useful information from large-scale multimedia data to facilitate online and local multimedia content analysis, search, and other related applications has also gained an increasing attention from the academia and industry. The rapid increase of multimedia data has brought new challenges to multimedia content analysis and multimedia retrieval, especially in terms of scalability. While on the other hand, large-scale multimedia data has also provided new opportunities to address these challenges and other conventional problems in multimedia analysis. The massive associated metadata, context and social information available on the Internet, desktops and mobile devices, and the large number of grassroots users, are a valuable resource that could be leveraged to solve the these difficulties. This is the first reference book on the subject of internet multimedia search and mining and it will be extremely useful for graduates, researchers and working professionals in the field of information technology and multimedia content analysis.

Introduction to Advanced Soft Robotics is an introductory textbook on soft body robotics. The content is designed to enable readers to better understand soft body robotics. Starting with an introduction to the subject, contents explain fundamental concepts such as perception and sensing, fabrication techniques and material design. These introductory chapters demonstrate the design concept and related design structures of soft robots from multiple perspectives, which can provide considerable design references for robotics learners and enthusiasts. Next, the book explains modeling and control for soft robotics and the applications. Key features of this book include easy-to-understand language and format, simple illustrations and a balanced overview of the subject (including a section on challenges and future prospects for soft robotics), and scientific references.

Introduction to Computer Data Representation introduces readers to the representation of data within computers. Starting from basic principles of number representation in computers, the book covers the representation of both integer and floating point numbers, and characters or text. It comprehensively explains the main techniques of computer arithmetic and logical manipulation. The book also features chapters covering the less usual topics of basic checksums and ‘universal’ or variable length representations for integers, with additional coverage of Gray Codes, BCD codes and logarithmic representations. The description of character coding includes information on both MIME and Unicode formats. Introduction to Computer Data Representation also includes historical aspects of data representation, explaining some of the steps that developers took (and the mistakes they made) that led to the present, well-defined and accepted standards of data representation techniques. The book serves as a primer for advanced computer science graduates and a handy reference for anyone wanting to learn about numbers and data representation in computers.

Machine learning is a subfield of artificial intelligence, broadly defined as a machine's capability to imitate intelligent human behavior. Like humans, machines become capable of making intelligent decisions by learning from their past experiences. Machine learning is being employed in many applications, including fraud detection and prevention, self-driving cars, recommendation systems, facial recognition technology, and intelligent computing. This book helps beginners learn the art and science of machine learning. It presens real-world examples that leverage the popular Python machine learning ecosystem,

The topics covered in this book include machine learning basics: supervised and unsupervised learning, linear regression and logistic regression, Support Vector Machines (SVMs). It also delves into special topics such as neural networks, theory of generalisation, and bias and fairness in machine learning. After reading this book, computer science and engineering students - at college and university levels - will receive a complete understanding of machine learning fundamentals and will be able to implement neural network solutions in information systems, and also extend them to their advantage.

The definition of occupational health hazards is constantly changing over time as technology advances and as the awareness of work place safety issues continues to grow. Introduction to Occupational Health Hazards focuses on work-related hazards which have evolved with the advent of more recent professions. The book introduces readers to the basic concept of occupational hazards. From this starting point, readers are introduced to the types of medical disorders that can occur as a result of occupational hazards, such as cancer and neurological disorders. The next section explains health hazards to medical and laboratory staff. The book concludes with a chapter that explains mental health issues (stress and psychosocial factors) that are related to occupational health – which is a recent addition to the spectrum of health risks in the working environment. As a handbook, the book provides information about occupational health risks for science and medical students along with professionals working in the health care and laboratory industries, respectively.

How do neurons work in processes that guide thought and action? This eBook answers this question by presenting an accurate analysis of all the physico-chemical phenomena occurring between interconnected neurons. Once researchers have this information, they can then build a functional catalog of neurons and understand the working behind the simplest physiological elements and these can hopefully be replicated into devices. Microscopic and macroscopic experimental results can assist in the study of sensorial analysis, instincts and motor control of skeletal muscles. The book also presents a description of memory at the cellular level and gives insights about the learning process in living systems. Such research has increased our understanding of the mechanisms of animal behaviors from the honeybee to the dog. In human beings, the efficiency of the same neural mechanisms overtakes a threshold when language allows building new abstract signals from previous abstract signals. Introduction to the Neural Basis of Action and Thought demonstrates to readers how physiological processes allow us to recall words and generate sentences and how these processes support abstract thought, action and self awareness. This book is a useful primer for anyone interested in cognitive sciences and related research.

This textbook is a primer for students on statistics. It covers basic statistical operations, an introduction to probability, distributions and regression. The book is divided into a series of 10 chapters covering a basic introduction to common topics for beginners. The goal of the book is to provide a sufficient understanding of how to organize and summarize datasets through descriptive and inferential statistics for good decision-making. A chapter on ethics also informs readers about best practices for using statistics in research and analysis. Topics covered: 1. Introduction to Statistics 2. Summarizing and Graphing 3. Basic Concepts of Probability 4. Discrete Random Variables 5. Continuous Random Variables 6. Sampling Distributions 7. Estimation 8. Hypothesis Testing 9. Correlation and Regression 10. Ethics

Ion Implantation and Activation presents the derivation process of related models in a comprehensive step by step manner starting from the fundamental processes and moving up into the more advanced theories.

Ion implantation can be expressed theoretically as a binary collision, and, experimentally using various mathematical functions. Readers can understand how to establish an ion implantation database by combining theory and experimental data. The models described in this ebook can be directly related to practical experimental data with various approaches: physical, empirical or experimental. Readers can also understand the approximations, and assumptions to reach these models. The redistribution and activation of implanted impurities during subsequent thermal processes are also important subjects and they are described in a broad manner with the combination of theory and experiment, even though many of the models are not well established. Chapters in the book explain, in depth, various topics such as Pearson functions, LSS theory, Monte Carlo simulations, Edgeworth Polynomials and much more.

This book provides advanced engineering and physics students and researchers with complete and coherent coverage of modern semiconductor process modeling. Readers can also benefit from this volume by acquiring the necessary information to improve contemporary process models by themselves.

Ion Implantation and Activation presents the derivation process of related models in a comprehensive step by step manner starting from the fundamental processes and moving up into the more advanced theories.

Ion implantation can be expressed theoretically as a binary collision, and, experimentally using various mathematical functions. Readers can understand how to establish an ion implantation database by combining theory and experimental data. The models described in this ebook can be directly related to practical experimental data with various approaches: physical, empirical or experimental. Readers can also understand the approximations, and assumptions to reach these models. The redistribution and activation of implanted impurities during subsequent thermal processes are also important subjects and they are described in a broad manner with the combination of theory and experiment, even though many of the models are not well established. Chapters in the book explain, in depth, various topics such as Pearson functions, LSS theory, Monte Carlo simulations, Edgeworth Polynomials and much more.

This book provides advanced engineering and physics students and researchers with complete and coherent coverage of modern semiconductor process modeling. Readers can also benefit from this volume by acquiring the necessary information to improve contemporary process models by themselves.

Ionic Liquids: Eco-friendly Substitutes for Surface and Interface Applications explores the growing interest in utilizing ionic liquids as sustainable alternatives for various industrial and biological applications. With their unique properties and environmentally friendly nature, ionic liquids have emerged as promising substitutes for toxic and volatile solvents, offering significant advantages in surface and interface chemistry.

This book is divided into two parts: Part 1 covers the basics of ionic liquids, their surface/interface properties, and interactions with metallic surfaces. Part 2 focuses on the wide range of surface and interface applications of ionic liquids, including wastewater treatment, corrosion protection, catalysis, separation processes, medical devices, and sensing applications.

Key Features:

A complete book fully dedicated to the surface and interface chemistry of ionic liquids with seventeen chapters

Covers fundamentals, recent progress, and applications in surface/interface chemistry

Presents up-to-date research and interdisciplinary insights

Includes relevant references and resources for further exploration

This is a valuable reference for scientists and engineers who want to learn about ionic liquids' chemistry and applications

The story of the unidentified serial killer in London's Whitechapel district - known as Jack The Ripper – has been the subject of interest to researchers for over 120 years. The name ascribed to the individual was from a letter sent to the Central News Agency in London on 27 September 1888. Initially thought to be a hoax, the letter gained much publicity when the writer's promise of clipping a lady's ears off manifested after the discovery of the body of Catherine Eddowes with an ear lobe severed, 3 days after the letter was received. Several letters followed this and borrowed elements from the earlier correspondences. Jack the Writer: A Verbal & Visual Analysis of the Ripper Correspondence is a different approach to the subject of 'Ripperology'. In this book, the author, Dirk Gibson, provides a quantitative content analysis of the letters. Gibson first grounds this study of the Jack the Ripper letters in an analysis of the legitimacy of the documents. The dialectic method is used to carefully consider the authenticity of these letters. The largest extant collection of Jack the Ripper letters is provided in this book, approximately 250 in number.

The most significant part of this book is a trio of content analyses quantifying the themes, subjects, people and linguistic mannerisms mentioned in the Ripper letters; the analyses describe precisely what was and was not in these missives. The letters are described and presented in the context of their content, with the valid letters presented in chronological order. Jack the Writer: A Verbal & Visual Analysis of the Ripper Correspondence will give readers, whether generally interested in the ripper correspondence or undertaking courses in criminology or abnormal psychology, a glimpse of the cultural context of a serial murderer's communication with the public and the press in Victorian times.

• Computing with Words and Granular Computing
• Extensions of fuzzy sets: intuitionistic fuzzy sets, hesitant fuzzy sets, neutrosophic sets, spherical fuzzy sets.
• Fuzzy Clustering
• Fuzzy Control
• Fuzzy Data Analysis, Fuzzy Clustering, Classification and Pattern Recognition
• Fuzzy Database
• Fuzzy Decision Making and Decision Support Systems
• Fuzzy Expert System
• Fuzzy Logic Systems
• Fuzzy Logic Techniques and Algorithms
• Fuzzy Mathematical Programming
• Fuzzy Mathematics
• Fuzzy Measure and integral
• Fuzzy Neural Systems, Neuro-Fuzzy Systems
• Fuzzy Pattern Recognition
• Fuzzy Process Control
• Fuzzy Reasoning System
• Fuzzy Sets in Bioinformatics
• Fuzzy System Applications in Computer Vision
• Fuzzy System Applications in E-commerce
• Fuzzy System Applications in Human-Machine Interface
• Fuzzy System Applications in Robotics, Sensors, Fuzzy Hardware and Architectures
• Fuzzy System in Multimedia and Web-Based Applications
• Fuzzy Systems Design and Optimization
• Fuzzy Systems Modeling and Identification
• Fuzzy Systems with Big Data and Cloud Computing, Fuzzy Analytics and Visualization
• Fuzzy-Rule Based System
• Hybrid Fuzzy Systems (fuzzy-neuro-evolutionary-rough)
• Possibility Theory and Imprecise Probabilit

• Preparation and characterization of new photocatalyst.
• Photocatalytic elimination of environmental pollutants in liquid or gas phase.
• Self-cleaning materials.
• Thin films.
• Photocatalytic syntheses of valuable products.
• Photocatalytic hydrogen generation and CO2 reduction.
• Kinetics and mechanistic aspects of photocatalytic reactions.
• Combination of photocatalysis with other technologies, such as membrane technologies and photoelectrocatalysis.
• Engineering aspects of photocatalytic processes.
• Homogeneous photocatalysis.
• Theory, modelling and computational aspects regarding the mechanisms of activation of photocatalysis.

Genome science or genomics is essential to advancing knowledge in the fields of biology and medicine. Specifically, researchers learn about the molecular biology behind genetic expression in living organisms and related methods of treating human genetic diseases (including gene therapy). Advances in Genome Science is an e-book series which provides a multi-disciplinary view of some of the latest developments in genome research, allowing readers to capture the essence and diversity of genomics in contemporary science.

The third volume of this ebook series features a variety of articles exploring oncogenomics, mouse genetics, feline genetics, genetic mechanism for pain, the genetics of weeds and much more.

This book provides an update on heterocyclic compounds that serve as key components of anti-cancer agents administered in pre-clinical settings. Many of the compounds highlighted in the book are being actively investigated for the bioactive properties against a range of cancer cell lines. There is potential for heterocyclic compounds to design agents that can target specific molecules to treat different types of cancers. Chapters are contributed by experts in pharmaceutical chemistry and are written to give a general overview of the topic to readers involved in all levels of research and decision-making in pharmaceutical chemistry and anti-cancer drug design.

Part II of the book set covers these topics:

- Anticancer targets for heterocyclic lead compounds

- Coumarin hybrids for cancer treatments - Progress in nitrogen and sulphur-based heterocyclic compounds for their anticancer activity

- Imidazole as an anticancer heterocyclic ring - Morpholine for profiling anticancer lead compounds

- Natural products as anticancer agents

Kidney transplantation is worldwide considered the best replacement therapy in patients with end-stage renal disease. However, although impressive improvements in surgical techniques and in the management of immunosuppression, long-term results have not significantly changed over the last decades.

The purpose of this book is not to be a comprehensive review on kidney transplantation, but it would overview the recent acquisitions in the field of kidney transplantation, by offering to clinicians the future directions and the possible fields of research to improve the long term outcome.

The book is divided into 27 chapters. The first part of the book is devoted to the basic principles of immunity and organ transplantation and the clinical evaluation of potential recipient. Moreover, in this section are discussed the most recent strategies to increase the donor pool trying to offer a kidney transplantation to a growing number of patients. The second part of the book is devoted to the immunosuppression. In these two chapters, the authors present an overview on the immunosuppressive management of kidney transplant recipients, with particular emphasis on the minimization of immunosuppression. The third part of the book is devoted to the complications of immunosuppression and to the psychological aspects of transplantation. This section is particularly detailed, and offers a complete point of view on the consequences and benefits of kidney transplantation. Last section is devoted to the future. The clinical tolerance and xenotransplantation are not still the present, but the authors illustrate the fields of application of these fundamental aspects of organ transplantation.

The authors and editors have tried to select an appropriate mix of citations, but it has not been possible to cite all the relevant articles. Apologies are due to those authors whose works we have failed to cite.

Our goal was to provide the most recent acquisitions in a practical manner. We hope that we have succeeded.

Special thanks to all the authors for their excellent and enthusiastic collaboration and special thanks to our patients to whom are dedicated all our efforts.

The phenomenon of resistance to motion through a fluid is believed to be a function of fluid-wall interaction. This theory is based on the assumption that under certain conditions a real fluid does not usually slip on the wall in contact with it and displays laminar flow. This set of conditions is known as a ‘no slip boundary condition’. But if a fluid is passed alongside a wall, the drag reduction in the laminar flow region can be calculated. In Laminar Drag Reduction, the frictional drag of an internal or an external fluid flow along a certain kind of hydrophobic wall is investigated. An analytic approach towards the mechanism of drag reduction is employed using Navier-Stokes existence and smoothness equations. The experimental results presented in this book show that frictional drag of a fluid alongside this hydrophobic wall decreases in comparison with fluid flow along a conventional wall or surface.

This form of laminar drag reduction represents a relatively new area of research, where the laminar flow can be controlled by microscopic surface modifications, allowing fluid flows to slip over a wall. Laminar Drag Reduction brings information about some interesting phenomena related to fluid slippage on a highly water-repellent surface. Readers, physics graduates and senior researchers alike, can benefit from the information presented in this book to tackle more challenging questions in fluid mechanics research.

This monograph is a collection of reviews that presents results obtained from new and somewhat unconventional methods used to fight multiple drug resistance (MDR) acquired by microorganisms and tumours. Two directions are considered: (i) the modification of non-antibiotic medicines by exposure to un-coherent, or laser optical radiation to obtain photoproducts that receive bactericidal or, possibly, tumouricidal properties and (ii) the development of new vectors (micrometric droplets of solutions containing medicinal agents) to transport medicines to targets based on optical and micro spectroscopic methods.

Chapters shed light on pendant droplets used for antibiotic drug delivery, the science of lasers and their interactions with fluids in pendant droplets and spectroscopic analyses of droplets used to treat MDR infections. It therefore equips researchers and medical professionals with information about tools that enable them to respond to medical emergencies in challenging environments.

The intended readership for this monograph includes graduate students, medical doctors, fluid physicists, biologists, photochemists, and experts in drug delivery methods employed in extreme conditions (such as those found in outer space and hypergravity conditions) who are learning about using techniques such as laser spectroscopy, biophotonics and optofluidics/microfluidics.