Bentham Science Publishers

Anthropogenic changes in the environment, caused by 250 years of economic growth and utilization of fuel and mineral resources, have considerably impacted the natural environment. The resulting physical and chemical alterations to the Earth's sphere and our adaptive responses in the biosphere are detailed in this reference book. Readers will learn about concepts relevant to Earth’s history, the evolution of life, economy, ecology, environmental history, biology, and medicine and how these concepts can be linked to environmental change. The scope of this interdisciplinary work entails to convey the true degree of responsibility for the universal consequences of ecosystem degradation resulting from industrial processing, human consumption and the transformation of natural sites due to industrialization and urbanization.

Topics covered in the book include:

-Ecosystem transformations by natural and anthropogenic forces

-The Anthropocene epoch

-A short history of industrialization

-Environmental sites and the impact of socio-economic influences

-The current environmental crisis,

This textbook is intended for graduate students in economics, civil engineering, architecture, agronomics, forestry, technical and mining sciences, political sciences, business studies and humanities. General readers who wish to understand the basic philosophy behind environmental studies and their relation to human activity can also benefit from this book.

2D Materials: Chemistry and Applications, Part 2 addresses the cutting-edge advancements in the synthesis, functionalization, and applications of two-dimensional materials, focusing on graphene and other emerging materials like boron nitride, germanene, silicene, and stanene. This volume explores the potential of these materials in energy storage, nanoelectronics, waste management, and more, while addressing challenges like toxicity and cost-effective production.

The book highlights innovative approaches to graphene-based supercapacitors, nanoparticle-functionalized graphene, and the application of 2D materials in diverse fields. It also provides insights into the toxicity and remediation strategies of graphene family materials and outlines the roadmap for sustainable graphene production.

This book is ideal for researchers, academics, and professionals in materials science, nanotechnology, chemistry, and environmental engineering.

Key Features:

Advanced applications of graphene-based supercapacitors.

Functionalization and applications of boron nitride, germanene, silicene, and stanene.

Insights into graphene toxicity and remediation approaches.

Roadmap for cost-effective graphene production and waste management.

Congenital heart defects (CHD) are the most frequent malformation in the human fetus and are the leading cause of mortality due to malformations in the first year of life. Despite its clinical importance screening performed by ultrasonographic examination during the second trimester of pregnancy has shown disappointingly low detection rates mainly due to the difficulties in obtaining an adequate examination of the fetal heart. Four-dimensional (4D) ultrasound of the fetal heart has been recently suggested as a tool to improve the detection rate of CHD by decreasing the dependency on operator skills required in two-dimensional ultrasound scans but up to now no practical manuals are available in describing its application in clinical practice for the study of fetal heart. The objective of this Ebook is to explain the role of 4D during second trimester examination and in fetuses with CHD. T

A Blueprint for the Hard Problem of Consciousness addresses the fundamental mechanism that allows physical events to transcend into subjective experiences, termed the Hard Problem of Consciousness. Consciousness is made available as the abstract product of self-referent realization of information by strange loops through the levels of processing of the brain.

Readers are introduced to the concept of the Hard Problem of Consciousness and related concepts followed by a critical discourse of different theories of consciousness. Next, the author identifies the fundamental flaw of the Integrated Information Theory (IIT) and proposes an alternative that avoids the cryptic intelligent design and panpsychism of the IIT. This author also demonstrates how something can be created out of nothing without resorting to quantum theory, while pointing out neurobiological alternatives to the bottom-up approach of quantum theories of consciousness.

The book then delves into the philosophy of qualia in different physiological knowledge networks (spatial, temporal and olfactory, cortical signals, for example) to explain an action-based model consistent with the generational principles of Predictive Coding, which maps prediction and predictive-error signals for perceptual representations supporting integrated goal-directed behaviors. Conscious experiences are considered the outcome of abstractions realized out of map overlays and provided by sustained oscillatory activity.

The key feature of this blueprint is that it offers a perspective of the Hard Problem of Consciousness from the point of view of the subject; the experience of ‘being the subject’ is predicted to be the realization of inference inversely mapped out of hidden causes of global integrated actions. The author explains the consistencies of his blueprint with ideas of the Global Neuronal Workspace and the Adaptive Resonance Theory of consciousness as well as with the empirical evidence supporting the Integrated Information Theory.

A Blueprint for the Hard Problem of Consciousness offers a unique perspective to readers interested in the scientific philosophy and cognitive neuroscience theory in relation to models of the theory of consciousness.

This reference demonstrates the development of a context aware decision-making health informatics system with the objective to automate the analysis of human centric wellness and assist medical decision-making in healthcare.

The book introduces readers to the basics of a clinical decision support system. This is followed by chapters that explain how to analyze healthcare data for anomaly detection and clinical correlations. The next two sections cover machine learning techniques for object detection and a case study for hemorrhage detection. These sections aim to expand the understanding of simple and advanced neural networks in health informatics. The authors also explore how machine learning model choices based on context can assist medical professionals in different scenarios.

Key Features :

-Reader-friendly format with clear headings, introductions and summaries in each chapter

-Detailed references for readers who want to conduct further research

-Expert contributors providing authoritative knowledge on machine learning techniques and human-centric wellness

-Practical applications of data science in healthcare designed to solve problems and enhance patient wellbeing

-Deep learning use cases for different medical conditions including hemorrhages, gallbladder stones and diabetic retinopathy

Demonstrations of fast and efficient CNN models with varying parameters such as Single shot detector, R-CNN, Mask R-CNN, modified contrast enhancement and improved LSTM models.

This reference is intended as a primary resource for professionals, researchers, software developers and technicians working in healthcare informatics systems and medical diagnostics. It also serves as a supplementary resource for learners in bioinformatics, biomedical engineering and medical informatics programs and anyone who requires technical knowledge about algorithms in medical decision support systems.

A Crisis Like No Other: Understanding and Defeating Global Warming couples engaging and creative storytelling with accurate details to explain global warming.

It covers both the technical and human issues of global warming by addressing what's causing global warming, and why people don't believe it exists. The book tells readers how to convince others that global warming is not only real, but life-threatening, and offers a clearly laid out path to solve it. The book is accurate and carefully researched, drawing on the author's thirty years of studying the science of global warming, and the human psyche that surrounds it. The author breaks down the subject into four parts, which can be thought of as four mini-books in one. The first part covers the psychology of global warming denial, how to defend ourselves against its lies and fake news, and how to convince others of global warming's grave harm. The second part describes exactly what global warming is. The third answers the question what makes us so sure? Finally, the last part provides a road map showing us how to defeat global warming.

This book is comprehensive, fast-paced, and easily accessible to readers from all walks of life. It provides an overview of everything one needs to know about global warming and, as such, is an excellent survey of global warming topics. In addition to being an easy and enjoyable read for the general public, A Crisis Like No Other: Understanding and Defeating Global Warming serves as a handy primer on climate change for environmental science classes.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a genetic and neurological condition that compromises the academic performance of children. From an educational context, knowledge about the cognitive-linguistic difficulties faced by these students can improve the academic and social quality life of affected children. This handbook presents an interdisciplinary perspective of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Educators and healthcare professionals can broaden their knowledge of the clinical and educational characteristics of students with ADHD. Topics covered in the handbook include the clinical features and genetics of ADHD, educational guidelines on reading, writing and learning processes and multidisciplinary interventions. Parents and teachers can apply the information in this handbook to assist children with ADHD in the classroom.

This textbook provides a comprehensive overview of the part of dentistry that links basic physiologic and pathophysiologic mechanisms to frequently encountered problems in dental practice. Themes that are covered include the structure and function of the cells of oral mucosa, the biology of bone, the functions of oral mucosa, some important aspects on oral microbial flora and biofilms and finally the current principles on mastication, swallowing and speech. The knowledge of basic sciences is essential in oral biology, helping to understand the nature and behavior of cells, tissues and organs in health and disease. It is an easy-to-read, relatively brief but a comprehensive Ebook appropriate for undergraduate and graduate dental students as well as for practicing clinicians.

This laboratory manual is designed to introduce beginner level researchers to the essential experimental techniques of molecular cloning. With a strong focus on hands-on protocols and a clear, cloning-centric framework, the book simplifies complex methods while building a strong foundation in molecular biology.

Across eight structured chapters, the manual initially covers topics such as laboratory safety and fundamental skills, then progresses through microbiological techniques, DNA isolation and purification, DNA analysis, recombinant DNA construction to clone identification. The final chapter includes detailed appendices outlining standard reagent compositions and preparation methods. Special emphasis is placed on the rationale behind each procedure, making the learning process both practical and conceptually grounded.

Key features:

Explains experimental protocols with step-by-step clarity

Gives rationale and mode of action behind each procedure

Emphasizes critical steps through italicized notes and tips

Provides special information panels for deeper contextual knowledge

Include comprehensive appendices for reagent preparation and reference

A Primer on Earth Pollution: Pollution Types and Disposal, is an encyclopedia of important research articles and short essays on pollution. Chapters in the initial half provide information about a wide variety of pollutants (dyes and microplastics) and contributing factors (thermal pollution and the impact of GM plants, for instance). Each chapter explains the nature of polluting agents and presents notes and references on preventive measures. Notes on the associated clinical complications due to exposure are also proved where applicable, such as the case of MDR bacteria in marine environments. The latter chapters of the book cover the biotechnology of medical waste disposal using microbes as well as nanotechnology used for limiting the spread of COVID-19.

The volume is a handy reference for students and trainees in the field of environmental science as it brings a balance of basic and applied information on the subject of pollution.

A Treatise on Ecological Science provides a fresh perspective on modern ecological thought by exploring topics often overlooked in traditional ecological texts. The book opens with a discussion of Network Ecology, unraveling the interconnectedness of ecosystems, and transitions to the intricate relationship between biodiversity and climate change. It further addresses Human Ecology, highlighting its central role in shaping ecological discourse, and explores the principles of Industrial Ecology, emphasizing sustainable practices in industrial systems. The final chapter critically examines the Sustainable Development Goals, offering a balanced view of their benefits and limitations.

Designed to bridge gaps between ecology, industry, and global sustainability, this book serves as an insightful resource for students, researchers, and policymakers interested in contemporary ecological science and its practical applications.

Key Features:

- Examines underexplored topics in ecological science.

- Connects biodiversity, climate change, and human ecology.

- Highlights the role of industrial ecology in sustainability.

- Provides a critical analysis of Sustainable Development Goals.

The book aims to provide a deeper understanding of the synergistic impact of Artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) for disease detection. It presents a collection of topics designed to explain methods to detect different diseases in humans and plants. Chapters are edited by experts in IT and machine learning, and are structured to make the volume accessible to a wide range of readers.

Key Features:

- 17 Chapters present information about the applications of AI and IoT in clinical medicine and plant biology

- Provides examples of algorithms for heart diseases, Alzheimer's disease, cancer, pneumonia and more

- Includes techniques to detect plant disease

- Includes information about the application of machine learning in specific imaging modalities

- Highlights the use of a variety of advanced Deep learning techniques like Mask R-CNN

- Each chapter provides an introduction and literature review and the relevant protocols to follow

The book is an informative guide for data and computer scientists working to improve disease detection techniques in medical and life sciences research. It also serves as a reference for engineers working in the healthcare delivery sector.

Watching TV, surfing the Internet, and sitting for long hours have replaced more active pursuits. Millions of Americans are simply not moving enough to meet the minimum threshold for good health and longevity. Exercise physiologists have researched and highlighted this fact for decades. That is why they emphasize the importance of regular exercise in the prevention of chronic diseases associated with physical inactivity and a sedentary lifestyle. Heart disease, obesity, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, stroke, peripheral arterial disease, depression, several types of cancers, and osteoporosis can be treated or even prevented with properly prescribed exercise. There is a need for integrating exercise physiology knowledge and rehabilitation programs as a continuous part of the healthcare profession. This opens up the opportunity for new approaches to manage patients suffering from chronic diseases and disabilities. ASEP’s Exercise Medicine Text for Exercise Physiologists is designed to educate exercise physiologists about the significance of professionalism in exercise physiology, exercise medicine, and entrepreneurship opportunities. It combines scientific principles with cardiovascular calculation steps that support its use in the development of safe, well-rounded, and individualized exercise programs to help clients and patients sleep better, reduce stress, maintain a healthy body weight, keep bones strong and joints healthy, decrease the risk for colon cancer, and improve mental function. This textbook demonstrates the importance of exercise medicine, and will familiarize readers with ASEP guidelines. Exercise physiologists in training will, therefore, be prepared for contributing a meaningful role in the healthcare services sector.

Vector calculus is an essential mathematical tool for performing mathematical analysis of physical and natural phenomena. It is employed in advanced applications in the field of engineering and computer simulations.

This textbook covers the fundamental requirements of vector calculus in curricula for college students in mathematics and engineering programs. Chapters start from the basics of vector algebra, real valued functions, different forms of integrals, geometric algebra and the various theorems relevant to vector calculus and differential forms.

Readers will find a concise and clear study of vector calculus, along with several examples, exercises, and a case study in each chapter. The solutions to the exercises are also included at the end of the book.

This is an ideal book for students with a basic background in mathematics who wish to learn about advanced calculus as part of their college curriculum and equip themselves with the knowledge to apply theoretical concepts in practical situations.

This book focuses on crucial characterization methods adopted for materials, design, and performance of secondary batteries. The book is divided into eight chapters aiming to provide comprehensive and essential guidance on battery characterizations. Each chapter focuses on a specific technique: electron microscopy, focused ion beam methods, atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectra, neutron diffraction, synchrotron-radiation X-ray tomography, and ultrasonic nondestructive testing.

Key Features

· Comprehensive coverage of characterization techniques for secondary battery technology

· Explains the working principle, essential functions and data analysis for each technique

· In-depth review of recent applications of secondary batteries from both material and device perspectives

· Detailed reference list for advanced readers

This monograph is intended as a resource for the broad research community involved in materials and device testing for batteries at academic and industrial levels. It also serves as a reference for engineering students required to learn advanced characterization techniques for developing rechargeable battery technology.

This book focuses on the advanced controller designs of flight vehicle maneuver and operation. Chapters explain advanced control mechanisms and algorithms for different controllers required in a flight vehicle system. The book topics such as air-disturbance fixed time controllers, algorithms for orbit and attitude computation, adaptive control modes, altitude stabilization, nonlinear vibration control, partial space elevator configuration, controls for formation flying and satellite cluster, respectively.

Key features:

1) Includes an investigation of high-precision and high-stability control problems of flight vehicles

2) Multiple complex disturbances are considered to improve robust performance and control accuracy

3)Covers a variety of single spacecraft and distributed space systems (including hypersonic vehicles, flexible aircraft, rigid aircraft, and satellites)

This book will be helpful to aerospace scientists and engineers who are interested in working on the development of flight vehicle maneuver and operation. Researchers studying control science and engineering, and advanced undergraduate and graduate students and professionals involved in the flight vehicle control field will also benefit from the information given in this book.

Advanced Machine Learning for Complex Medical Data Analysis is a definitive guide to leveraging machine learning to solve critical challenges in medical data analysis. This book discusses cutting-edge methodologies, from predictive modeling to neural networks, tailored to address the unique complexities of medical and healthcare data. It combines theoretical frameworks with practical applications, ensuring readers gain a comprehensive understanding of both concepts and real-world implementations.

The book covers diverse topics, including medical image denoising, the transformative role of GANs, IoT applications in healthcare, early disease detection using speech data, and COVID detection using autoencoders. It also explores the impact of big data, statistical approaches to medical analytics, and public health improvements through technology.

Key Features:

- Practical insights into deploying advanced machine learning models for healthcare.

- Real-world case studies on diverse diseases and datasets.

- Cutting-edge topics like explainable AI, federated learning, and ethical considerations.

- Methods for improving data accuracy, efficiency, and privacy.

The discovery of new materials and the manipulation of their exotic properties for device fabrication is crucial for advancing technology. Nanoscience and the creation of nanomaterials have taken materials science and electronics to new heights for the benefit of mankind. Advanced Materials and Nanosystems: Theory and Experiment cover several topics of nanoscience research. The compiled chapters aim to update students, teachers, and scientists by highlighting modern developments in materials science theory and experiments. The significant role of new materials in future technology is also demonstrated. The book serves as a reference for curriculum development in technical institutions and research programs in the field of physics, chemistry, and applied areas of science like materials science, chemical engineering, and electronics. This part covers 12 topics in these areas: - Carbon and boron nitride nanostructures for hydrogen storage applications - Nanomaterials for retinal implants - Materials for rechargeable battery electrodes - Cost-effective catalysts for ammonia production - The role of nanocomposites in environmental remediation - Optical analysis of organic and inorganic components - Metal-oxide nanoparticles - Mechanical analysis of orthopedic implants - Advanced materials and nanosystems for catalysis, sensing, and wastewater treatment - Topological Nanostructures - Hollow nanostructures

Advanced Materials for Emerging Applications is a monograph on emerging materials'; materials that have observable differences in physical properties and manufacturing requirements when compared to existing materials and industrial processes. The volume aims to showcase novel materials that can be used in advanced technology and innovative products.

The editors have compiled 17 chapters grouped into 3 sections: 1) Metals and Alloys, 2) Composite materials, and 3) Other materials. Chapters 1-5 discuss recent advances in friction stir welding, suitability of nickel-base shape memory alloys, thermal cycling studies of nickel-based shape memory alloys, nitrogen additions to stainless steel, and the evolution of zirconium alloy. Chapters 6-11 cover topics such as additive manufacturing of metal matrix composites, composite materials for biomedical applications, aluminum and magnesium metal matrix composites, aluminum nanocomposites for automobile applications, enhancing the strength of aluminum-boron carbide composites, and sisal fibers reinforced composites. Lastly, chapters 13-17 explore smart hydrogels, engineered iron-oxide nanomaterials for magnetic hyperthermia, emerging sustainable material technology for fire safety, recent advances in unconventional machining of smart alloys, and critical parameters influencing high-strain rate deformation of materials.

This monograph provides information for a broad readership including material and manufacturing engineers, researchers, students (at undergraduate levels or above) and entrepreneurs interested in manufacturing new products.

Advanced Mathematical Applications in Data Science comprehensively explores the crucial role mathematics plays in the field of data science. Each chapter is contributed by scientists, researchers, and academicians. The 13 chapters cover a range of mathematical concepts utilized in data science, enabling readers to understand the intricate connection between mathematics and data analysis. The book covers diverse topics, including, machine learning models, the Kalman filter, data modeling, artificial neural networks, clustering techniques, and more, showcasing the application of advanced mathematical tools for effective data processing and analysis. With a strong emphasis on real-world applications, the book offers a deeper understanding of the foundational principles behind data analysis and its numerous interdisciplinary applications. This reference is an invaluable resource for graduate students, researchers, academicians, and learners pursuing a research career in mathematical computing or completing advanced data science courses.

Key Features:

- Comprehensive coverage of advanced mathematical concepts and techniques in data science

- Contributions from established scientists, researchers, and academicians

- Real-world case studies and practical applications of mathematical methods

- Focus on diverse areas, such as image classification, carbon emission assessment, customer churn prediction, and healthcare data analysis

- In-depth exploration of data science's connection with mathematics, computer science, and artificial intelligence

- Scholarly references for each chapter - Suitable for readers with high school-level mathematical knowledge, making it accessible to a broad audience in academia and industry.

High air pollution levels pose a significant threat to plants, animals and human beings. Efforts by researchers are directed towards keeping air pollution levels below well defined ‘critical‘ levels in order to maintain a sustainable atmosphere and environmental system. The application of advanced mathematical models is important for researchers to achieve this goal as efficiently as possible. Mathematical models can be used to predict answers to many important questions about the environment. This application comes with several complex theoretical and practical obstacles which need to be resolved. A successfully applicable mathematical model needs to enable researchers to

Mathematically describe all important physical and chemical processes.

Apply fast and sufficiently accurate numerical methods.

Ensure that the model runs efficiently on modern high speed computers.

Use high quality input data, both meteorological data and emission inventories, in the runs.

Verify the model results by comparing them with reliable measurements taken in different parts of the spatial domain of the model.

Carry out long series of sensitivity experiments to check the response of the model to changes of different key parameters.

Visualize and animate the output results in order to make them easily understandable even to non-specialists.

This monograph thoroughly describes mathematical methods useful for various situations in environmental modeling including finite difference methods, splitting methods, parallel computation, etc. and provides a framework for resolving problems posed in relation to the points listed above. Chapters are written by well-known specialists making this book a handy reference for researchers, university teachers and students working and studying in the areas of air pollution, meteorology, applied mathematics and computer science.

This 2-part reference informs readers about the application of drug delivery technologies to herbal medicines. Chapters cover a broad range of major topics on the subject of targeted drug delivery systems. These topics include the application of drug delivery systems for herbal nanomedicines, drug development issues, emerging technologies, adaptations for clinical use, market prospects and challenges of industrial commercialization. Chapters have been contributed by several experts in pharmaceutical chemistry and blend theoretical knowledge with practical aspects of drug delivery.

Part II covers the following topics:

- Pharmaceutical nanosciences and their application in the delivery of various phytoconstituents

- Design of cosmeceutical drug delivery systems: the role of nanotechnology in cosmeceuticals

- Transfersomes: a novel vesicular transdermal delivery system

- Self-nano/micro emulsified drug delivery systems

- Phytosomes

- The role of nanomedicines in ocular drug delivery systems

- Colloidosomes as an efficient novel drug delivery system: an update

- Herbal nanoscience: challenges and regulatory perspectives

- Vitamins based nanomedicine approach

- Dendrimers: a versatile nanoplatform for advanced targeting and bioactive(s) delivery

- Targeted drug delivery systems for cells and cell organelles

- Liposomes for herbal drug delivery

- AI in pharmacy, herbal medicine and drug delivery: sci-fi or reality?

Advanced Physical Chemistry Practical Guide aims to improve the student's understanding of theory through practical experience and by facilitating experimental exercises. The book covers a wide range of areas from basic to advanced experiments including the calibration of instruments as well as the use of software for accurate computational quantum chemical calculations.

This book is divided into four sections:

part I - general introduction, calibration of glassware, instruments and precautions

part II - experiments that have a simple theoretical background and classical methods

part III - experiments that are associated with more advanced theory, and technique that require a greater degree of experimental skill and instrumentation

part IV - investigative experiments relying on computers

Covering all aspects of classical, advanced and computational chemistry experiments, Advanced Physical Chemistry Practical Guide will enable students to gain confidence in their ability to perform a physical chemistry experiment and to appreciate the value of an experimental approach towards the subject. Advanced Physical Chemistry Practical Guide is an essential handbook for students and teachers at advanced levels who seek to learn practical knowledge about important aspects of physical chemistry.

Contemporary Endoscopic Spine Surgery brings the reader the most up-to-date information on the endoscopy of the spine. Key opinion leaders from around the world have come together to present the clinical evidence behind their competitive endoscopic spinal surgery protocols. Chapters in the series cover a range of aspects of spine surgery including spinal pain generators, preoperative workup with modern independent predictors of favorable clinical outcomes with endoscopy, anesthesia in an outpatient setting, management of complications, and a fresh look at technology advances in a historical context. The reader will have a first-row seat during the illustrative discussions of expanded surgical indications from herniated disc to more complex clinical problems, including stenosis, instability, and deformity in patients with advanced degenerative disease of the human spine. Contemporary Endoscopic Spine Surgery is divided into three volumes: Cervical Spine, Lumbar Spine, and Advanced Technologies to capture an accurate snapshot in time of this fast-moving field. It is intended as a comprehensive go-to reference text for surgeons in graduate residency and postgraduate fellowship training programs and for practicing spine surgeons interested in looking for the scientific foundation for expanding their clinical practice towards endoscopic surgery.

This volume (Advanced Technologies) covers the following endoscopic spine surgery topics in 19 detailed chapters: endoscopic intradiscal therapy and foraminoplasty, evidence based medicine in spine surgery, artificial intelligence for spine surgery, postoperative management, transforaminal lumbar endoscopy and associated complications, laser applications in full endoscopy of the spine, high frequency surgery for the treatment of herniated discs, lumbar MRI, cost and maintenance management of endoscopic spine systems, regenerative medicine, interbody fusion, endoscopic intravertebral canal decompression after spinal fracture, treatment of lumbar tuberculosis, treatment of degenerative scoliosis, treatment of thoracic meningioma with spinal canal decompression, and cervical endoscopic unilateral laminotomy for bilateral decompression (CE-ULBD).

This volume covers a wide array of topics related to research, technology and sustainability for technology researchers and educators. Chapter 1 explores the detection of fake news in a distributed environment. Material science is covered in Chapter 2, which explains the influence of MOS2, B4C, and graphite on the mechanical and dry sliding wear behavior of aluminum 7075 hybrid matrix composites. Chapter 3 focuses on sensors and antennas for smart sensor networks. Chapters 4 to 8 delve into various aspects of electrical and computer engineering, including induction motor condition monitoring, automatic conversion of building plans to graphs for robot navigation, and analysis of defects in microscopic and electroluminescent images using AI and image processing algorithms.

Chapters 9 to 16 cover topics such as missing data prediction techniques, breast cancer diagnosis on mammography, groundwater contamination, biofertilizers, organic farming, and remediation using organisms. Sustainable development is a key theme in Chapters 17 to 26, addressing issues like sensor-based vehicle fuel theft detection, waste management techniques, bioremediation of soil contaminated with heavy metals, sustainable agriculture practices, and novel approaches in bioplastics and nanoremediation. Finally, Chapters 27 to 29 touch upon renewable energy and Industrial IoT, discussing research challenges in renewable energy sources, recent trends, and the transformation brought about by the Industrial Internet of Things.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) are revolutionizing industries, reshaping the way we interact with technology, and driving innovation across multiple disciplines. Advancements in Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning is a comprehensive exploration of the latest developments, applications, and challenges in AI and ML, offering insights into cutting-edge research and real-world implementations.

This book is a collection of twelve chapters, each exploring a distinct application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML). It begins with an overview of AI's transformative role in Next-Gen Mechatronics, followed by a comprehensive review of key advancements and trends in the field. The book then examines AI's impact across diverse sectors, including energy, digital communication, and security, with topics such as AI-based aging analysis of power transformer oil, AI in social media management, and AI-driven human detection systems.

Further chapters address sentiment analysis, visual analysis for image processing, and the integration of AI in smart grid networks. The volume also covers AI applications in hardware security for wireless sensor networks, drone robotics, and crime prevention systems. The final set of chapters highlight AI's role in healthcare and automation, including an AI-assisted system for women's safety in India and the use of EfficientNet B0 CNN architecture for brain tumor detection and classification. Together, these chapters showcase the versatility and growing influence of AI and ML across critical modern industries.

Key features

A multidisciplinary approach covering AI applications in robotics, cybersecurity, healthcare, and digital transformation in 12 organized chapters.

A focus on contemporary challenges and solutions in AI and ML across industries.

Research-driven insights from experts and practitioners in the field.

Practical discussions on AI-driven automation, security, and intelligent decision-making systems.

This reference summarizes recent advancements in knowledge about cardiovascular disease and pharmacology. The goal of the book is to inform readers about recent findings on cardiovascular therapeutics and how to conduct experiments to evaluate natural products. It presents 10 chapters that cover basic clinical research on cardiovascular diseases and therapeutic agents derived from natural sources. The book concludes with a series of experiments that demonstrate the methods to test the ameliorative effects of 3 phytochemicals: Biochanin A (red clover), Zingiberene (ginger oil) and Betaine (sugar beet).

Key Features

- 10 chapters that highlight recent research cardiovascular medicine and pharmacology

- Covers knowledge about basic cardiovascular physiology, congestive heart failure treatment and the treatment of heart inflammation.

- Covers uses, benefits, and drawbacks of numerous rodent and non-rodent animal models for studying CVD

- Updates readers about 21st-century CRISPR-cas9 technology and its uses in CVD.

- Covers the significance of Indian Ayurvedic techniques on the cardiovascular system,

- Covers information about nutraceuticals for CVD therapy

- Includes experiments to evaluate 3 phytochemicals for the treatment of different heart diseases such as hypertension, obesity-cardiomyopathy and the mitigation of inflammatory cytokines in myocardial infarction.

This book is an informative resource for cardiologists, and researchers working in the field of cardiovascular pharmacology. It also helps readers to understand the benefits of herbal medications that are commonly available for consumption in homes.

Additive manufacturing or 3D printing is the construction of an object using CAD models. The technology for additive manufacturing s gaining traction in recent times due to its accessibility for both personal and industrial use, as well as its usefulness in quick prototyping (either of a whole object or its components) and meeting the needs of small commercial workloads.

Advances in Additive Manufacturing Processes informs readers about the breadth of 3D printing processes. Chapters cover the basic knowledge of additive techniques and their industrial applications with relevant examples. The improvements in each method and their recent technical achievements with practical experimental data are highlighted. The book presents eight types of 3D printing processes, covering a diverse range of technologies which represent the industry.

The contents also cover selected topics of relevance to additive manufacturing which include the formation of defects and factors that affect the mechanical properties of the additively manufactured components. Chapters also provide recent guidelines for adapting additive manufacturing processes to increase productivity and reduce manufacturing cost.

Advances in Additive Manufacturing Processes is a handy reference for scholars and professionals involved in manufacturing industries and process engineering as well as hobbyists who are interested in the current state-of-the-art in 3D printing.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is currently recognized as an untreatable, progressive, degenerative and terminal disease that is global – afflicting over 36 million people worldwide, with the number growing in an unabated and frightening manner. The goal of the series Advances in Alzheimer's Research , with Volumes 1 and 2, is to provide an integrated approach to AD from basic and clinical research and to highlight the valuable information in order to unravel the origin, pathogenesis and prevention of AD. The aim of this book is to both capture and discuss improvements toward the diagnosis and potential treatment of AD by both established and novel strategies. This book series, including the Volume 2, provides an important mechanism to bring under the same roof a variety of scientific interests and expertise to specifically focus on AD and related dementias. The fullest attempt has been made to disseminate the most current knowledge on recent advances in potential therapy of AD.

Advances in Anticancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry is an exciting eBook series comprising a selection of updated articles previously published in the peer-reviewed journal Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry. The second Volume of this eBook series gathers updated reviews on several classes of molecules exhibiting anticarcinogenic potential as well as some important targets for the development of novel anticancer drugs.

Featured Anti-cancer molecules:

-Marine macrolides and their biological targets

-Organometallic supramolecular complexes including gold-based anticancer agents,

anti-cancer vaccines

-glyconanoparticles,

-isatin-based compounds,

-tripentone families of potential anticancer drugs

Drug targets in this volume include:

-selective estrogen receptor modulators,

-leukemia stem cells,

-glioblastoma cell migratory mechanisms

-Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1

Advances in Anticancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry will be of particular interest to readers interested in anticancer drug therapy as the series provides relevant reviews written by experts in this important field.

Advances in Biobanking Practice Through Public and Private Collaborations presents an analysis of methods and current models of partnership between public and private organizations designed to improve biobanking practices in European countries. Chapters describe the state-of-the-art of public-private collaborations in biobanking on a global scale, innovative approaches to public-private partnership the role of a quality management system in biobanking collaborations, quality standard criteria specifically shaped for tumor biobanks, theoretical and practical access conditions to biobanks, the general legal framework governing biobanks at national, European and international levels and a concrete public-private partnership model for managing sample requests.

The contributions in this book include examples of established biobanking institutions (such as Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, National Institute of Health, Italy, and 3C-R, France among others) which serve to give readers a concrete perspective on current biobanking practices and relevant legal and ethical issues that shape the field. This book is an ideal handbook for all medical researchers, healthcare professionals and biobanking stakeholders seeking information about international biobanking practices and business models.

Advances in Cancer Drug Targets is an e-book series that brings together recent expert reviews published on the subject with a focus on strategies for synthesizing and isolating organic compounds and elucidating the structure and nature of DNA. The reference work serves to give readers a brief yet comprehensive glance at current theory and practice behind employing chemical compounds for tackling tumor suppression, DNA site specific drug targeting and the inhibition of enzymes involved in growth control pathways. The reviews presented in this series are written by experts in pharmaceutical sciences and molecular biology. These reviews have been carefully selected to present development of new approaches to anti-cancer therapy and anti-cancer drug development. This e-book volume will be of special interest to molecular biologists and pharmaceutical scientists.

Advances in Cancer Drug Targets is an e-book series that brings together recent expert reviews published on the subject with a focus on strategies for synthesizing and isolating organic compounds and elucidating the structure and nature of DNA.

The reviews presented in this series are written by experts in pharmaceutical sciences and molecular biology. These reviews have been carefully selected to present development of new approaches to anti-cancer therapy and anti-cancer drug development.

The contents of this volume include reviews on mediating or inhibiting different signaling pathways such as WNT signaling and MTOR as well as novel drug targets for tumor control such as neutrophil elastase and estrogen sulfatase. These reviews provide updates on new ways to treat a variety of cancers.

The reference work serves to give readers a brief yet comprehensive glance at current theory and practice behind employing chemical compounds for tackling tumor suppression, DNA site specific drug targeting and the inhibition of enzymes involved in growth control pathways. This e-book volume will be of special interest to molecular biologists and pharmaceutical scientists.

Cancer is driven by numerous genetic and epigenetic changes occurring at the cellular level. These changes drive normal cells to proliferate and escape processes that usually regulate their survival and migration. Many of these alterations are often associated with signaling pathways which regulate cell growth and division, cell death, survival, invasion and metastasis, and angiogenesis. Almost all cancer cells show high expression of signaling components including growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), small GTPases, serine/threonine kinases, cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases, lipid kinases, estrogen receptor, activation of transcription factors Myc and NF-κB, etc. Updated knowledge about these signaling components is highly desirable for researchers involved in developing therapies against cancer.

Signal Transduction Research for Cancer Therapy covers advancements in research on the signaling pathways in the human body, especially in some types of cancers, such as breast cancer, pancreatic cancer and colon cancer.

Key features of this volume include 8 focused topical reviews on signaling pathways in a specific cancer type, coverage of multiple cancer types (breast cancer, colon cancer, hepatocellular cancer, multiple myeloma, acute myeloid leukemia, and pancreatic cancer), and coverage of a wide array of signaling pathways (both receptor mediated and non receptor mediated pathways).

This volume is essential reading for researchers in pharmaceutical R&D and postgraduate research programs in pharmacology and allied disciplines. Clinicians involved in oncology will also benefit from the information provided in the chapters.

[Series Intro]

This series provides scientists and clinicians with updated clinical information about signal transduction that will be valuable in their pursuit to investigate, develop, and apply novel agents to prevent or treat life-threatening diseases such as cancer. Contributions to the series will focus on methods that also enhance the quality of life for patients.

This reference is an accessible update on combustion synthesis and the chemical technology for synthesizing composite materials. Nine chapters offer an overview of the subject with recent references, giving the reader an informed perspective.

The book starts with an introduction to thermodynamic models used in combustion synthesis. Subsequent chapters explain the application of combustion synthesis to manufacture different materials such as nanostructured non-ferrous alloys, ceramic powders, functionally graded materials, boron carbide-based superhard materials, shape memory alloys, biomaterials, high-entropy alloys and rare earth phosphates.

The range of topics makes this book a useful guide for students, scientists and industrial professionals in the field of chemical engineering, metallurgy and materials science.

Advances in Diagnostics and Immunotherapeutics for Neurodegenerative Diseases delves into the intricate mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative disorders and highlights cutting-edge diagnostic methods and innovative immunotherapeutic strategies. This comprehensive book addresses several key themes crucial to understanding and combating these debilitating conditions with an updated understanding of neurodegenerative disorders and a review of the latest advancements in diagnostic and treatment strategies.

Key Themes

Neuroinflammation: examines the complex molecular pathways involved in neuroinflammatory responses and their impact on disease dynamics.

Gut-Brain Axis: A thorough discussion on the relationship between the gut microbiome and neurodegenerative processes is presented.

Advanced Diagnostics: A state-of-the-art review of diagnostic techniques provides updates on advanced neuroimaging modalities, cerebrospinal fluid biomarker analysis, and genetic testing.

Epigenetic Regulation of Microglia: Covers the emerging field of epigenetic modifications and their role in modulating microglial activation and function.

Immunotherapeutics: Learn about the potential of monoclonal antibodies, immune modulators, and repurposed drug therapies in slowing disease progression and improving patient outcomes.

This book serves as a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, and students in the fields of molecular biology, neuroimmunology, and clinical neurology.

This series provides information on the nature of dyes, their harmful effects, and dye degrading techniques. The second volume focuses on sophisticated oxidation methods for dye degradation. The information on target-oriented dye mitigation is intended to give readers a better understanding of the dye degradation process to sustain a healthy environment. Chapters present referenced information and highlight novel industry breakthroughs.

Key topics:

The Fenton process for dye removal

MOF-based and graphene oxide photocatalysts for dye degradation

Novel photocatalysts active in visible light and IR spectra

Photocatalytic degradation of transition metal dichalcogenides

Environment friendly synthesis of photocatalysts for dye degradation

Metal oxide Nanomaterials for dye degradation

This volume is a comprehensive singular resource on photocatalytic dye degradation for researchers, apprentices and learners in chemistry and chemical engineering courses. It also serves as a reference for industry professionals who work with chemical dyes (for example in textile and plastic industries) and are engaged in the critical field of environmental remediation.

Advances in HIV Treatment: HIV Enzyme Inhibitors and Antiretroviral Therapy presents comprehensive and updated information on drug therapies used to treat and manage HIV infection in human patients. The volume is organized in to chapters detailing respective classes of HIV Drugs including HIV entry inhibitors, reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs), integrase strand inhibitors (INSTIs), and protease inhibitors (PIs). Each chapter compiles background information, pharmacology and clinical aspects such as side effects on the specific classes of drugs represented. Available data for ongoing research for new targets, including vaccines is also presented. Readers will also find a useful introduction to HIV virology and pathogenesis as well as a comparison of the availability and activity of these agents in different populations, opening a discussion on the influence of genetics and resources in curbing the HIV epidemic. Advances in HIV Treatment: HIV Enzyme Inhibitors and Antiretroviral Therapy is, therefore, a holistic resource for researchers, healthcare professionals and clinicians interested in understanding antiretroviral drugs and the management of HIV infection/AIDS. The volume is also of interest to undergraduate and graduate students undertaking specialized courses in pharmacology and HIV/AIDS management.

Advances in Interventional Pulmonology is a comprehensive, evidence-based text on diagnostic and therapeutic bronchoscopic procedures. This volume covers basic and advanced procedures in the subspecialty of interventional pulmonology (IP). The material presented in this text book is also supported with expert opinion (where evidence is lacking) of authors who are leading researchers in the field of IP from around the world. The book delivers information about anatomical, physiological, pathological, and therapeutic concepts in IP to physicians and is, therefore, suitable for readers having different levels of expertise. The authors have also discussed novel and experimental techniques, and procedures when indicated for the benefit of research oriented readers.

For centuries, legumes have been used as pulses or grains serving as the most critical sources of major protein/oil-producing crops for both human and animal consumption, and for providing raw materials for industrial processing. They are highly valued as soil-building crops, improving soil quality through their beneficial involvement in biological nitrogen fixation, a symbiotic partnership with rhizobia.

Advances in Legume Research: Physiological Responses and Genetic Improvement for Stress Resistance serves as a unique source of information on the distinct aspects of basic and applied legume research for general readers, students, academics, and researchers. The book gives several insights on the morphological, physiological, and genetic responses to stresses via 8 concise chapters covering all aspects of legume growth, utilization, and improvement. The included chapters present research findings and succinct reviews concerning the strides continuously made in the improvement of legumes against biotic and abiotic stress factors. This comprehensive new legume reference book disseminates key information pertaining to genetic diversity, conservation, cultivation, manipulation through mutagenic techniques, plant transformation, and other breeding technologies. The book, therefore, continues to build on the need to acquire new knowledge about legume crops and ways to improve their existing agricultural yield for a sustainable and secure food market.

Advances in Mathematical Chemistry and Applications, Volume 1 highlights the emerging discipline of mathematical chemistry, or, more precisely, discrete mathematical chemistry. This volume is written by internationally renowned experts in the field. It comprises of a wise integration of mathematical and chemical concepts and covers numerous applications in the field of drug discovery, bioinformatics, chemoinformatics, computational biology and ecological health. The contents of this book include chapters on mathematical structural descriptors of molecules and biomolecules, topological representation of molecular structure, connectivity matrices, use of weighted 2D Fingerprints in similarity-based virtual screening and much more. This ebook is a valuable resource for MSc and PhD students, academic personnel and researchers seeking updated and critically important information on the fundamental concepts of mathematical chemistry and their applications.

“Advances in Mathematical Chemistry and Applications, Volume 2” highlights the emerging discipline of mathematical chemistry, or, more precisely, discrete mathematical chemistry.

This volume is written by internationally renowned experts in their respective fields and comprises of the wise integration of mathematical and chemical concepts which provide essential mathematical chemistry knowledge and cover numerous applications in the field of drug discovery, bioinformatics, chemoinformatics, computational biology and ecological health.

The contents of this book include chapters on mathematical structural descriptors of molecules and biomolecules, topological representation of molecular structure, connectivity matrices, use of weighted 2D Fingerprints in similarity-based virtual screening and many more.

This ebook is a valuable resource for MSc and PhD students, academic personnel and

researchers seeking updated and critically important information on the fundamental concepts of

mathematical

chemistry and their applications.

Advances in Modern Medicine introduces recent advanced medical practices performed at the Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center (KMCCCC) - one of the leading hospitals in Japan - to those working in the field of medicine throughout the world, including physicians, surgeons, pharmacists, psychologists, medical engineers, medical technologists, nurses, and students. Readers will be updated on the general trends in modern medicine relevant to a variety of medical specialties performed at KMCCCC. The volume covers topics such as cancer management, acute phase reaction against a national-level disaster, depression management, emergency medicine, hepatobiliary and gastrointestinal diseases, orthopedics, organ transportation, infection control, blood disease, chronic kidney disease, palliative care, dermatology, ophthalmology, pathology, and nursing for cancer patients. Aspiring medical students can learn more about the latest developments in their field of interest, while patients can learn about treatment options available for different diseases.

Multiphase flow and heat transfer have found a wide range of applications in several engineering and science fields such as mechanical engineering, chemical and petrochemical engineering, nuclear engineering, energy engineering, material engineering, ocean engineering, mineral engineering, electronics and micro-electronics engineering, information technology, space technology, micro- and nano-technologies, biomedical and life sciences. This E-book series presents state-of-the-art review and research topics in all aspects of multiphase flow and heat transfer, which are contributed by renowned scientists and researchers. The topics include multiphase transport phenomena including gas-liquid, liquid-solid, gas-solid and gas-liquid-solid flows, phase change processes, nuclear thermal hydraulics, fluidization, mass transfer, bubble and drop dynamics, particle flow interactions, cavitation phenomena, numerical methods, experimental techniques, multiphase flow equipment, combustion processes, environmental protection and pollution control, phase change materials and their applications, macro-scale and micro-scale transport phenomena, nano-fluidics, micro-gravity multiphase flow and heat transfer, energy engineering, renewable energy, electronic chips cooling, data center cooling, fuel cells, multiphase flow and heat transfer in biomedical engineering and science. The E-book series presents recent advances in both conventional research and interdisciplinary research. This E-book series should prove to be invaluable for scientists and researchers interested in multiphase flows.

Multiphase flow and heat transfer have found a wide range of applications in several engineering and science fields such as mechanical engineering, chemical and petrochemical engineering, nuclear engineering, energy engineering, material engineering, ocean engineering, mineral engineering, electronics and micro-electronics engineering, information technology, space technology, micro- and nano-technologies, biomedical and life sciences. This E-book series presents state-of-the-art review and research topics in all aspects of multiphase flow and heat transfer, which are contributed by renowned scientists and researchers. The topics include multiphase transport phenomena including gas-liquid, liquid-solid, gas-solid and gas-liquid-solid flows, phase change processes, nuclear thermal hydraulics, fluidization, mass transfer, bubble and drop dynamics, particle flow interactions, cavitation phenomena, numerical methods, experimental techniques, multiphase flow equipment, combustion processes, environmental protection and pollution control, phase change materials and their applications, macro-scale and micro-scale transport phenomena, nano-fluidics, micro-gravity multiphase flow and heat transfer, energy engineering, renewable energy, electronic chips cooling, data center cooling, fuel cells, multiphase flow and heat transfer in biomedical engineering and science. The E-book series presents recent advances in both conventional research and interdisciplinary research. This E-book series should prove to be invaluable for scientists and researchers interested in multiphase flows.

Advances in Organic Synthesis is a book series devoted to the latest advances in synthetic approaches towards challenging structures. It presents comprehensive articles written by eminent authorities on different synthetic approaches to selected target molecules and new methods developed to achieve specific synthetic transformations. Contributions are written by eminent scientists and each volume is edited by an authority in the field. Advances in Organic Synthesis is essential for all organic chemists in the academia and industry who wish to keep abreast of rapid and important developments in the field.

Advances in Organic Synthesis is a book series devoted to the latest advances in synthetic approaches towards challenging structures. The series presents comprehensive reviews written by eminent authorities on different synthetic approaches to selected target molecules and new methods developed to achieve specific synthetic transformations or optimal product yields. Advances in Organic Synthesis is essential for all organic chemists in academia and the industry who wish to keep abreast of rapid and important developments in the field.

This volume presents the following reviews:

o Recent Progress on Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral Flavanones, Chromanones, and Chromenes

o Supramolecular Chemistry of Modified Amino Acids and Short Peptides

o The Use of Nanocatalysts in the Synthesis of Heterocycles: A Contemporary Approach

o Synthesis and Applications of 1,2,3-Triazoles

o Ring C–H Functionalization of Aromatic N-Oxides

Advances in Organic Synthesis is a book series devoted to the latest advances in synthetic approaches towards challenging structures. The series presents comprehensive reviews written by eminent authorities on different synthetic approaches to selected target molecules and new methods developed to achieve specific synthetic transformations or optimal product yields. Advances in Organic Synthesis is essential for all organic chemists in academia and the industry who wish to keep abreast of rapid and important developments in the field.

This volume presents the following reviews:

Electroluminescent polymers - a review on synthesis from organic compounds

Remarkable advances in the asymmetric synthesis of biologically active natural compounds from the advent of chiral auxiliaries

The chemistry of ynamides and their application in organic synthesis

Carbon-heteroatom bond formation for medium ring heterocycles

Tin(ii) salts: versatile and efficient lewis acid catalysts in reactions to add value to the glycerol and terpenic alcohols

(E)-n-methyl-1-(methylthio)-2-nitroethenamine (nmsm) as a versatile ambiphilic synthon in organic synthesis